Narrativas antropológicas de la alteridad maquínica en los albores de las teorías poshumanas y transhumanas. Una primera aproximación desde el cine y las series streaming

Sonia 1972 Ríos Moyano; Leticia Crespillo Marí; Javier 1979 González Torres

doi:10.7238/artnodes.v0i32.411228

PDF (Castellano) ePUB (Castellano)

Google Scholar citations

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7238/artnodes.v0i32.411228

Sonia 1972 Ríos Moyano

University of Malaga

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5727-3507

Leticia Crespillo Marí

University of Malaga

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8367-6580

Javier 1979 González Torres

Victoria Foundation

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-6657

The aim of this text is the narrative analysis of the most paradigmatic contemporary representations of automatons, robots, androids/ginoids, cyborgs or replicants in film and television. Through different techniques – such as Matte Painting, 3D, VFX, CGI or Motion Capture – the chosen examples provoke the most disturbing and heartbreaking dystopia possible: that of the human-not-human; creatures whose bodies surrender to the will of the artifice, tending in some cases to their final transformation into a complex algorithm. To this end, we have selected a series of titles through which we will explore different paths: both the bodily transposition of the different into a series of imagined future universes, and the deconstruction of the real-reality, source of every alternative world – metaverse –; as well as the dissociation of identities, an element that is the first step towards the total deconstruction of the self, taking shape under cinema’s narrative, iconographic and aesthetic parameters of cinema. To this end, we have opted for the application of an analytical-structuralist and interpretative methodology, typical of the discipline of arts and humanities. Its development will lead to the proposal of a suggestive conclusion from the textual study of these presences: the existence of a singular prophecy in which the human being, who might no longer be so, can eternalize himself, thus overcoming the natural and biological obsolescence granted to him since his traditional birth.

Keywords:

Cinematographic Language, Streaming Platforms, Visual Culture, Iconography, Technological Change, Automata

How to Cite

Ríos Moyano, Sonia 1972 et al. “Anthropological narratives of machinic otherness at the dawn of posthuman and transhuman theories. A first approach from movies and streaming series”. Artnodes, no. 32, pp. 1-9, doi:10.7238/artnodes.v0i32.411228.

Rights

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

(c) Sonia Ríos Moyano, Leticia Crespillo Marí, Javier González Torres, 2023

Copyright

For all articles published in Artnodes that are subject to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence, copyright is retained by the author(s). The complete text the license can be consulted at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. You may copy, distribute, transmit and adapt the work, provided you attribute it (authorship, journal name, publisher) in the manner specified by the author(s) or licensor(s).

Authors are responsible for obtaining the necessary licences for the images that are subject to copyright.

Assignment of intellectual property rights

The author non exclusively transfers the rights to use (reproduce, distribute, publicly broadcast or transform) and market the work, in full or part, to the journal’s editors in all present and future formats and modalities, in all languages, for the lifetime of the work and worldwide.

I hereby declare that I am the original author of the work. The editors shall thus not be held responsible for any obligation or legal action that may derive from the work submitted in terms of violation of third parties’ rights, whether intellectual property, trade secret or any other right.

Author Biographies

Sonia 1972 Ríos Moyano, University of Malaga

Senior Professor of Art History at the University of Malaga, where she teaches subjects related to editorial design and design in different degrees at the University of Malaga. She is a member of the HUM 130 (UMA) group, and has coordinated and collaborated on more than a dozen educational innovation projects. He earned the “Innovation, Quality and Good Teaching Practices” Award, the Award for Best Teacher at the School of Philosophy and Letters in the general category (University of Malaga, 2019). She is currently a researcher on four research projects of varied theme: one on print and visual culture; one on audiovisual materials for teaching training; and two on technological solutions in the field of ICCs. She is co-director of Eviterna magazine, writing secretary of Boletín de Arte magazine and editor of Proyecta 56 magazine. She has held various management positions, from department academic secretary to graduate degree coordinator in Art History (2013-2015), in addition to representative positions from 2013 to the present. Since 2004, she has been researching topics that address multiple aspects of design from the perspective and methodology of the art historian, as well as other related topics such as advertising photography, visual communication or the editorial industry, and others in co-authorship on iconographic studies, audiovisual culture, social science didactics or illustration. Her numerous book chapters, articles and contributions to congresses bear witness to it.

Leticia Crespillo Marí, University of Malaga

Doctor of Art History (2015) and diploma in Tourism (2009) from the University of Malaga. He received a master degree in Social Developments of Artistic Culture (UMA) and a master Degree in Virtual Heritage (Virtualization and Restoration of Heritage) from the University of Alicante (2019-2020). She is part of several research groups led by Dr. Nuria Rodríguez Ortega, as investigator. Since February 2019, she has been a contract researcher with the UMA Department of Art History. She is a specialist in virtual restoration and heritage virtualization. She has participated as a speaker in various congresses and seminars related to visual culture and new technologies within the museum. She has written articles related to the possibilities that virtual reality and 3D offer to the field of art reception, especially in relation to manifestations of an intangible nature (presence, perception, emotional development, co-participation in the work, psychology and phenomenology of individual perception).

Javier 1979 González Torres, Victoria Foundation

Doctor of Art History at the University of Malaga (outstanding cum laude, 2016). His research work focuses on the Modern Age, highlighting the study of architecture, plastic and decorative arts, iconography, iconology and symbolology; in the current technological age, analyzing the visual culture and the different avenues of plastic-building creation, mass media and social networks; in teaching innovation; and in gender social construction. He has been a professor of the Department of Social Sciences of the Victoria Foundation (Málaga) since 2003, an institution that the Instituto Santa Rosa de Lima depends on, in which he teaches in high school. In this center, he is affiliated with the educational innovation group, promoting the methodological and experiential renewal of teachings linked to art and humanities. At the university level, he is a member of the research group HUM362 (UGR) and PIES-UMA 102 and 146. Since the 2016/2017 course, he has practiced as a tutor of the master’s degree of ESO, Baccalaureate and FP (specialty of Social Sciences), taught by the University of Malaga and the Education Council of the Board of Andalusia. Since 2019, he has been editor of the magazine Eviterna, a publication maintained by UMA-Editorial.

References

Aqueveque Tillería, Leopoldo. «Transhumanismo e Inteligencia Artificial: el problema de un límite ontológico». Griot: Revista de Filosofia, Amargosa, vol. 22, n.º 1, (2022): 59-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31977/grirfi.v22i1.2539

Aguilar García, Teresa. Ontología Cyborg: el cuerpo en la nueva sociedad tecnológica. Barcelona: Editorial Gedisa, 2009.

Aguirre-Gaitán, Leonardo Andrés. Reflejos de un futuro para nosotros: análisis de los conceptos de Alteridad, Distopía y Red en Nier: Autómata. Trabajo de grado. Bogotá: Universidad pedagógica Nacional, 2022. http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/handle/20.500.12209/16887/Reflejos%20de%20un%20Futuro%20para%20Nosotros.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Andrade, Ricardo. «Los sueños de la inmortalidad engendran máquinas: desesperación, ciberproneteismo y transhumanismo». Ethika+, n.º 5, (2022): 119-138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5354/2452-6037.2022.66221

Barceló, Mikel. La Ciencia Ficción. Barcelona: Editorial UOC, 2008.

Bonachera García, Ana Isabel. «Vida artificial: el ciborg, representación posmoderna de nuestras ansiedades». Revista de Filología de la Universidad de la Laguna, n.º 35, (2017): 51-72.

Coto Mengido, Beatriz. Salvajes, ciborgs y alianzas multiespecie. Nuevos imaginarios para inapropiadas/inapropiables. Tesis. Granada: Universidad de Granada, 2018. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/tesis?codigo=180102

Cuadrado Alvarado, Alfonso. «El imaginario de la creación de vida artificial y los personajes virtuales. Comunicación». Revista Internacional De Comunicación Audiovisual, Publicidad Y Estudios Culturales, vol. 1, n.º 2, (2022): 13-27.

Diéguez Lucena, Antoni. Transhumanismo. La búsqueda tecnológica del mejoramiento humano. Barcelona: Herder, 2017.

Domingo Moratalla, Tomás. «Transhumanismo: entre ideología y la antropología. Una mirada cinematográfica». Iglesia Viva: revista de pensamiento cristiano, n.º 281, (2020): 43-62.

Durán Castro, Mauricio. «Cuerpo y cine. El cuerpo en el cine y el cuerpo del cine». Arkadin: Estudios sobre cine y artes audiovisuales, n.º 5, (2016): 56-71.

Ferrer Ventosa, Roger. «El artista demiúrgico. Creación de vida autónoma: de las estatuas animadas a los autómatas, homúnculos y replicantes». Anales del instituto de investigaciones estéticas, vol. 34, n.º 120, (2022): 119-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/iie.18703062e.2022.120.2772

Garrido Merchán, Eduardo César. “Transhumanismo y conciencia fenoménica”. Relectiones: Revista Interdisciplinar de Filosofía y Humanidades, (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.32466/eufv-rel.2022.9.744.109-126

Gayozzo Huamanchumo, Piero Arturo. «Singularidad tecnológica y transhumanismo». Teknokultura: Revista de Cultura Digital y Movimientos Sociales, vol. 18, n.º 2, (2021): 195-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/tekn.74056

Koval, Santiago. «Convergencias tecnológicas en la era de la integración hombre-máquina». Razón y Palabra, n.º 75, (2011): 1-17.

López Corredoira, Martín. «Materialismo, mecanicismo y transhumanismo». Naturaleza y Libertad: Revista de estudios interdisciplinares, n.º 12, (2019): 179-190.

Martinho-Truswell, Antone. «To automate is human». AEON (2018). https://aeon.co/essays/the-offloading-ape-the-human-is-the-beast-that-automates

Mayor, Adrienne. Gods and robots. Myths, machines, and ancient dreams of technology. Princeton: University Press, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691185446

Méndez Pérez, Francisco Javier. «El sueño del cíborg». Revista Telos. Fundación Telefónica, n.º 111, (2019): 94-101.

Merlos, Marisa Adriana. Imaginando el cuerpo del futuro. La figuración del cuerpo en el Cine de Ciencia Ficción. Autómatas. El Robot, el androide y el ciborg. Tan parecido, tan diferente. Buenos Aires: Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2005.

Moñux Chércoles, Diego. Historia de la Automática. Una introducción al estudio de los autómatas y el control desde la historia de la tecnología. Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid, 2001.

Moreno Serrano, Fernando Ángel. «El monstruo prospectivo: el otro desde la ciencia ficción». Signa: Revista de la Asociación Española de Semiótica, n.º 20, (2001): 471-496. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5944/signa.vol20.2011.6275

Piedra Alegría, Jonathan. «Transhumanismo: hacia un nuevo cuerpo». Daimon: Revista Internacional de Filosofía, sup. 5 (2016): 489-495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/daimon/270011

Ryan, Marie-Laure. La narración como realidad virtual: la inmersión y la interactividad en la literatura y en los medios electrónicos. Barcelona: Planeta, 2004.

Serra, Miquel Ángel. «Human enhacement and functional diversity: Ethical concerns of emerging technologies and transhumanism». Mètode Science Studies Journal, n.º 12, (2021): 61-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7203/metode.12.20676

Suárez, Claudia (2022). «Cíborgs ficticios y reales: notas sobre literatura, cine, tecnociencia y psicoanálisis». Ética & Cine, vol. 12, n.º 2, (2022): 45-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31056/2250.5415.v12.n2.38327

Telotte, Jay P. El cine de Ciencia Ficción. Madrid: Ediciones Akal, 2012.

Article Sidebar

Main Article Content