Sculpture and New Technologies in Scientific Educational Outreach: 3D Foraminiferal Models as a Referent of Ocean Acidification and Climate Change

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Víctor G. Peco
Complutense University of Madrid
Nerea Garzón-Arenas
Complutense University of Madrid
José Carlos Espinel
Complutense University of Madrid
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5990-9249
Concha Herrero
Complutense University of Madrid

The Foraminifera Project is a collaboration between researchers of the Faculty of Fine Arts and the Faculty of Geological Sciences at the Complutense University (UCM, Madrid, Spain). The work, based on scientific dissemination through art, is framed in the theme “Climate change and Ocean Acidification'' as part of the course “Art, Science and Nature” of the Master's Degree in Research in Art and Creation (Faculty of Fine Arts, UCM). The team used recent sediment samples from Indian Ocean and Red Sea that contained healthy and unhealthy foraminifera specimens to create 3D specimen models. These models were made using traditional sculpture techniques, photogrammetry, and 3D printing to show different states of foraminifera dissolution and corrosion from ocean acidification. The end result of this project resulted in nine interactive pieces which were part of the exhibition “Drift & Migrate'' open to the public during the month of November 2019 in the exhibition hall of the Faculty of Fine Arts (UCM). The 3D models of foraminifera were displayed with educational graphics and blind-accesible explanatory signage (Braille) to share the scientific facts of foraminifera and their role in the ocean ecosystem. The main objective of the collaboration is to raise awareness of anthropogenic effects on foraminifera and the marine ecosystems in general and to expand research opportunities between the arts and sciences at the university.

Keywords
foraminifera, sculpture models, education, climate change, 3D technologies

Article Details

How to Cite
G. Peco, Víctor et al. “Sculpture and New Technologies in Scientific Educational Outreach: 3D Foraminiferal Models as a Referent of Ocean Acidification and Climate Change”. Artnodes, no. 28, doi:10.7238/artnodes.v0i28.385398.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

(c) Víctor G. Peco, Nerea Garzón-Arenas, José Carlos Espinel, Concha Herrero, 2021


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Author Biographies

Víctor G. Peco, Complutense University of Madrid

Young paleoartist with a preference for sculpture, trained in Fine Arts and specialisation in Paleontology. His work is focused on the investigation of current and extinct organisms, to develop sculptures that rigorously reconstruct the appearance of past faunas based on scientific data. He hasbeen a beneficiary of the summer artistic creation scholarship programme offered by the ComplutenseUniversity of Madrid (UCM), where he also has work in the Gabinete de Medalla belonging to the Department of Sculpture and Art Education at the Faculty of Fine Arts (UCM), and where he has worked as Honorary Collaborator. He has also made publications and workshops related to scientific dissemination in the area of Earth Sciences, in addition to group art exhibitions, one of them linked to the 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conferences (COP25). He is currently exploring the possibilities of virtual paleontology, and searching for more environmentally friendly processes of artisticcreation. All this is structured within the framework of scientific dissemination to transmit through these artistic-scientific processes, paleobiological research in an accessible way to society.

Nerea Garzón-Arenas, Complutense University of Madrid

Nerea Garzón Arenas is a visual artist and graphic designer. Her pieces explore the potential of light, colour and form, focused on natural or daily elements redefined through the lens of hercamera. Some of these works have earned her awards in the Concurso de Artes Plásticas for the Hotel Four Seasons in Madrid (2017, 2018 and 2019), among other mentions. With a multidisciplinary approach she created projects related to nature and education, to explore and learn, collaborating with professionals using environmentally friendly materials. The development of herartistic skills has allowed her to collaborate and participate in collective exhibitions, for example in the framework of the The UN Climate Change Conference COP 25 (2019). She was beneficiary in different calls for artistic creation and training linked to the UCM, being granted a scholarship in the Department of Sculpture and Art Education at the Faculty of Fine Arts or participating in a summer artistic creation scholarship. Moreover, she has an Anatomical Drawing belonging to the Gabinete de Dibujos in the Department of Drawing and Printmaking. Currently, she combines her artistic work with a Training Scholarship in the management of Historical-Artistic and Scientific-Technical Heritage at  Complutense University of Madrid.

José Carlos Espinel, Complutense University of Madrid

PhD in Fine Arts with a focus on Art and Digital Technologies. José Carlos is an experimental and Multidisciplinary artist and designer, with a particular interest in mixing digital and traditional technologies. His artistic production is very diverse and includes 3D printed sculptures, artist books, interactive installations, video art or video games. José Carlos’s research and artistic interest are focused on ecology and social justice, and this is clearly reflected in his most recent works, exhibitions, publications and conferences. He is a founding member of TheAlgaeSociety, an international group of artists, scientists and scholars, focused on cooperate, experiment, design and exhibit work related to climate change and ocean acidification (www.algaesociety.org ). He is also founding member of the “Arte, Tecnología y Compromiso Social - ARTECO” (Art, Technology and Social Commitment) research group at Complutense University of Madrid whose main aim is to Understand how art and technology can have a positive impact on society.

Concha Herrero, Complutense University of Madrid

PhD in Paleontology, specialist in Micropaleontology, from the University Complutense of Madrid. Senior Lecturer at the Geodynamic, Stratigraphy and Paleontology Department of theFaculty of Geological Sciences (UCM) where she teaches Paleontology and Geological Mapping in thedegrees in Geology and Geological Engineering, and Applied Micropaleontology in theMaster’s Degree in Advance Paleontology. Her research focuses on Pliensbachian and Toarcian foraminiferal paleontology, and on Jurassic Boundary Strato-Types (GSSPs). She develops systematic, taphonomic, biostratigraphic, palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical studies on Lower Jurassic for a minifera, emphasising biostratigraphy and identification of extinction and renewal of faunal events. She is pioneering in Jurassic taphonomic studies and in the application of quantitative methods and multivariateand SHE analysis in paleoecology and paleobiogeography of Lower Jurassic foraminifera in Spain. She has written books, book chapters and articles in national and international journals, and belongs to the Mesozoic Biotic Events Research Group (UCM) collaborating in DGI and IUGS Projects.

References

Armstrong, Howard A., and Martin D. Brasier. Microfossils. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118685440

Boersma, Anne. “Foraminifera.” In Introduction to marine micropalaeontology. 19-77. New York: Elsevier North-Holland Inc, 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044482672-5/50002-7

Culver, Stephen J. “Foraminifera.” In Fossil prokaryotes and protists. 203-247. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, Inc, 1993.

Dias, Ben B., Malcom B. Hart, Christopher W. Smart, and Jason M. Hall-Spencer. “Modern seawater acidification: the response of foraminifera to high-CO2 conditions in the Mediterranean Sea.” Journal of the Geological Society of London 167 (2010): 843-846. DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492010-050

Espinel, José Carlos, Jennifer Parker, and Nadjej da Espinel-Velasco. “Science and Collectivism in Artistic Creation: Embracing Climate Change through Art.” The International Journal of The Arts in Society: Annual Review, Common Ground. Volume 14, Issue 1 (2020): 11- 20. ISSN: 1833-1866 (Print), ISSN: 2473-5809 (Online). https://doi.org/10.18848/1833-1866/CGP/v14i01/13-20.

Gaucher, Claudio, and Peter Sprechmann. “UpperVendian skeletal fauna of the Arroyo de Soldado Group, Uruguay.” Beringeria 23 (1999): 55-91.

Herrero, Concha, and María Luisa Canales. “Taphonomic processes in selected Lower and Middle Jurassic foraminifera from the Iberian Range and Basque-Cantabrian Basin (Spain).” Journal of Foraminiferal Research 32 (2002): 22-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/0320022

Kawahata, Hokada, Kazuhiko Fujita, Akira Iguchi, Mayuri Inoue, Shinya Iwasaki, Azumi Kuroyanagi, Ayumi Maeda, Takuya Manaka, Kazuyoshi Moriya, Haruka Takagi, et al. “Perspective on the response of marine calcifiers to global warming and ocean acidification—Behavior of corals and foraminifera in a high CO₂ world “hot house.” Progress in Earth and Planetary, 2019. Science. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-018-0239-9.

Keul, Nina, Gerald Langer, Lennart J. de Nooijer, and Jelle Bijma. “Effect of ocean acidification on the benthic foraminifera Ammonia sp. is caused by a decrease in carbonate ion concentration.” Biogeosciences 10 (2013): 6185-6198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6185-2013

McIlroy, Duncan, Owen R. Green, and Martin D. Brasier. “Palaeobiology and evolution of the earliest agglutinated Foraminifera: Platysolenites, Spirosolenites and related forms.” Lethaia 34 (2001): 13-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/002411601300068170

Olori, Jennifer. "Calcarina sp." (Online), Digital Morphology (2004). Accessed in February 2020. http://digimorph.org/specimens/Calcarina_sp/.

Uthicke, Sven, Paolo Momigliano, and Katharina E. Fabricius. “High risk of extinction of benthic foraminifera in this century due to ocean acidification.” Scientific Reports 3 (2013): 1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01769

Armstrong, Howard A., and Martin D. Brasier. Microfossils. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118685440

Boersma, Anne. “Foraminifera.” In Introduction to marine micropalaeontology. 19-77. New York: Elsevier North-Holland Inc, 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044482672-5/50002-7

Culver, Stephen J. “Foraminifera.” In Fossil prokaryotes and protists. 203-247. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, Inc, 1993.

Dias, Ben B., Malcom B. Hart, Christopher W. Smart, and Jason M. Hall-Spencer. “Modern seawater acidification: the response of foraminifera to high-CO2 conditions in the Mediterranean Sea.” Journal of the Geological Society of London 167 (2010): 843-846. DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492010-050

Espinel, José Carlos, Jennifer Parker, and Nadjej da Espinel-Velasco. “Science and Collectivism in Artistic Creation: Embracing Climate Change through Art.” The International Journal of The Arts in Society: Annual Review, Common Ground. Volume 14, Issue 1 (2020): 11- 20. ISSN: 1833-1866 (Print), ISSN: 2473-5809 (Online). https://doi.org/10.18848/1833-1866/CGP/v14i01/13-20.

Gaucher, Claudio, and Peter Sprechmann. “UpperVendian skeletal fauna of the Arroyo de Soldado Group, Uruguay.” Beringeria 23 (1999): 55-91.

Herrero, Concha, and María Luisa Canales. “Taphonomic processes in selected Lower and Middle Jurassic foraminifera from the Iberian Range and Basque-Cantabrian Basin (Spain).” Journal of Foraminiferal Research 32 (2002): 22-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/0320022

Kawahata, Hokada, Kazuhiko Fujita, Akira Iguchi, Mayuri Inoue, Shinya Iwasaki, Azumi Kuroyanagi, Ayumi Maeda, Takuya Manaka, Kazuyoshi Moriya, Haruka Takagi, et al. “Perspective on the response of marine calcifiers to global warming and ocean acidification—Behavior of corals and foraminifera in a high CO₂ world “hot house.” Progress in Earth and Planetary, 2019. Science. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-018-0239-9.

Keul, Nina, Gerald Langer, Lennart J. de Nooijer, and Jelle Bijma. “Effect of ocean acidification on the benthic foraminifera Ammonia sp. is caused by a decrease in carbonate ion concentration.” Biogeosciences 10 (2013): 6185-6198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6185-2013

McIlroy, Duncan, Owen R. Green, and Martin D. Brasier. “Palaeobiology and evolution of the earliest agglutinated Foraminifera: Platysolenites, Spirosolenites and related forms.” Lethaia 34 (2001): 13-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/002411601300068170

Olori, Jennifer. "Calcarina sp." (Online), Digital Morphology (2004). Accessed in February 2020. http://digimorph.org/specimens/Calcarina_sp/.

Uthicke, Sven, Paolo Momigliano, and Katharina E. Fabricius. “High risk of extinction of benthic foraminifera in this century due to ocean acidification.” Scientific Reports 3 (2013): 1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01769

Armstrong, Howard A., and Martin D. Brasier. Microfossils. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118685440

Boersma, Anne. “Foraminifera.” In Introduction to marine micropalaeontology. 19-77. New York: Elsevier North-Holland Inc, 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044482672-5/50002-7

Culver, Stephen J. “Foraminifera.” In Fossil prokaryotes and protists. 203-247. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, Inc, 1993.

Dias, Ben B., Malcom B. Hart, Christopher W. Smart, and Jason M. Hall-Spencer. “Modern seawater acidification: the response of foraminifera to high-CO2 conditions in the Mediterranean Sea.” Journal of the Geological Society of London 167 (2010): 843-846. DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492010-050

Espinel, José Carlos, Jennifer Parker, and Nadjej da Espinel-Velasco. “Science and Collectivism in Artistic Creation: Embracing Climate Change through Art.” The International Journal of The Arts in Society: Annual Review, Common Ground. Volume 14, Issue 1 (2020): 11- 20. ISSN: 1833-1866 (Print), ISSN: 2473-5809 (Online). https://doi.org/10.18848/1833-1866/CGP/v14i01/13-20.

Gaucher, Claudio, and Peter Sprechmann. “UpperVendian skeletal fauna of the Arroyo de Soldado Group, Uruguay.” Beringeria 23 (1999): 55-91.

Herrero, Concha, and María Luisa Canales. “Taphonomic processes in selected Lower and Middle Jurassic foraminifera from the Iberian Range and Basque-Cantabrian Basin (Spain).” Journal of Foraminiferal Research 32 (2002): 22-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/0320022

Kawahata, Hokada, Kazuhiko Fujita, Akira Iguchi, Mayuri Inoue, Shinya Iwasaki, Azumi Kuroyanagi, Ayumi Maeda, Takuya Manaka, Kazuyoshi Moriya, Haruka Takagi, et al. “Perspective on the response of marine calcifiers to global warming and ocean acidification—Behavior of corals and foraminifera in a high CO₂ world “hot house.” Progress in Earth and Planetary, 2019. Science. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-018-0239-9.

Keul, Nina, Gerald Langer, Lennart J. de Nooijer, and Jelle Bijma. “Effect of ocean acidification on the benthic foraminifera Ammonia sp. is caused by a decrease in carbonate ion concentration.” Biogeosciences 10 (2013): 6185-6198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6185-2013

McIlroy, Duncan, Owen R. Green, and Martin D. Brasier. “Palaeobiology and evolution of the earliest agglutinated Foraminifera: Platysolenites, Spirosolenites and related forms.” Lethaia 34 (2001): 13-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/002411601300068170

Olori, Jennifer. "Calcarina sp." (Online), Digital Morphology (2004). Accessed in February 2020. http://digimorph.org/specimens/Calcarina_sp/.

Uthicke, Sven, Paolo Momigliano, and Katharina E. Fabricius. “High risk of extinction of benthic foraminifera in this century due to ocean acidification.” Scientific Reports 3 (2013): 1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01769

Armstrong, Howard A., and Martin D. Brasier. Microfossils. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118685440

Boersma, Anne. “Foraminifera.” In Introduction to marine micropalaeontology. 19-77. New York: Elsevier North-Holland Inc, 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044482672-5/50002-7

Culver, Stephen J. “Foraminifera.” In Fossil prokaryotes and protists. 203-247. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, Inc, 1993.

Dias, Ben B., Malcom B. Hart, Christopher W. Smart, and Jason M. Hall-Spencer. “Modern seawater acidification: the response of foraminifera to high-CO2 conditions in the Mediterranean Sea.” Journal of the Geological Society of London 167 (2010): 843-846. DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492010-050

Espinel, José Carlos, Jennifer Parker, and Nadjej da Espinel-Velasco. “Science and Collectivism in Artistic Creation: Embracing Climate Change through Art.” The International Journal of The Arts in Society: Annual Review, Common Ground. Volume 14, Issue 1 (2020): 11- 20. ISSN: 1833-1866 (Print), ISSN: 2473-5809 (Online). https://doi.org/10.18848/1833-1866/CGP/v14i01/13-20.

Gaucher, Claudio, and Peter Sprechmann. “UpperVendian skeletal fauna of the Arroyo de Soldado Group, Uruguay.” Beringeria 23 (1999): 55-91.

Herrero, Concha, and María Luisa Canales. “Taphonomic processes in selected Lower and Middle Jurassic foraminifera from the Iberian Range and Basque-Cantabrian Basin (Spain).” Journal of Foraminiferal Research 32 (2002): 22-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/0320022

Kawahata, Hokada, Kazuhiko Fujita, Akira Iguchi, Mayuri Inoue, Shinya Iwasaki, Azumi Kuroyanagi, Ayumi Maeda, Takuya Manaka, Kazuyoshi Moriya, Haruka Takagi, et al. “Perspective on the response of marine calcifiers to global warming and ocean acidification—Behavior of corals and foraminifera in a high CO₂ world “hot house.” Progress in Earth and Planetary, 2019. Science. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-018-0239-9.

Keul, Nina, Gerald Langer, Lennart J. de Nooijer, and Jelle Bijma. “Effect of ocean acidification on the benthic foraminifera Ammonia sp. is caused by a decrease in carbonate ion concentration.” Biogeosciences 10 (2013): 6185-6198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6185-2013

McIlroy, Duncan, Owen R. Green, and Martin D. Brasier. “Palaeobiology and evolution of the earliest agglutinated Foraminifera: Platysolenites, Spirosolenites and related forms.” Lethaia 34 (2001): 13-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/002411601300068170

Olori, Jennifer. "Calcarina sp." (Online), Digital Morphology (2004). Accessed in February 2020. http://digimorph.org/specimens/Calcarina_sp/.

Uthicke, Sven, Paolo Momigliano, and Katharina E. Fabricius. “High risk of extinction of benthic foraminifera in this century due to ocean acidification.” Scientific Reports 3 (2013): 1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01769

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