Estratègies per al benestar en nous espais de treball: un estudi de cas en un context postpandèmic
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Les prioritats de les persones han canviat arran de la pandèmia de COVID-19 i això ha tingut impacte en les experiències arquitectòniques i, sobretot, en els espais de treball, ja que en aquesta nova realitat ha augmentat la rellevància del teletreball i la tecnologia. D’altra banda, hi ha més interès en la incidència que tenen els espais en la salut, la productivitat i també en el benestar, ja que variables com la il·luminació, l’acústica, la biofília, la forma, la composició, la mida, etc., influeixen en la percepció i en els estats emocionals, cognitius i comportamentals.
El disseny basat en l’evidència, que permet conèixer científicament informació sobre situacions existents abans i després d’una intervenció, facilita una visió més completa del fenomen, gràcies a la parametrització, i repercuteix en la presa de decisions. Aquest context d’estudi n’és un bon exemple.
En aquest article es mostra un estudi de cas desenvolupat mitjançant una metodologia mixta que combina mètodes de recerca teòrics –per tenir coneixement científic sobre la temàtica i les tendències del sector– amb mètodes de recerca empírics –per estudiar el context específic de l’oficina central corporativa de Tous a Manresa.
Pel que fa a la teoria, s’ha realitzat una revisió bibliogràfica a la base de dades WOS (Web Of Science), complementada amb dos informes de tendències sobre el futur dels espais de treball.
Respecte a l'estudi empíric, es van programar tres fonts diferents per tal que els treballadors recollissin dades en diferents temps, espais i plataformes. Paral·lelament, es van mesurar els paràmetres de l’entorn construït en diverses localitzacions durant dues jornades laborals.
Entre els resultats, destaquen la galàxia de relacions (evidencia la relació entre departaments transversals com ara RH –recursos humans– i IT –tecnologia informàtica–, així com la que hi ha entre els departaments de producte, comercial, R+D i postvenda); l’estat dels empleats (amb valors neutres o positius en els estats cognitius) i de l’entorn (espai poc acolorit amb una mica de brillantor i neutre quant a color de llum, atmosfera i ventilació) la detecció dels aspectes positius, que cal millorar i que cal incorporar; i el mesurament dels paràmetres físics de l’entorn (nivell de soroll elevat, CO2 dins del rang de confort, temperatura amb valors elevats i espais sobreil·luminats o poc il·luminats) i la seva percepció.
Finalment, com a resultat, es proposen unes estratègies de disseny centrades en el benestar de les persones, que sorgeixen de la relació entre les dades objectives i subjectives, l’evidència científica i les tendències. Aquestes estratègies es fan servir com a base per efectuar els canvis a l’interior de l'espai.
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Aquesta obra està sota una llicència internacional Creative Commons Reconeixement-NoComercial-SenseObraDerivada 4.0.
(c) María José Araya León, Ainoa Abella Garcia, 2022
María José Araya León, Elisava, Facultat de Disseny i Enginyeria de Barcelona (UVic-UCC); i Universidad de Santiago de Chile
María José Araya és doctora en Arquitectura per la Universitat Internacional de Catalunya i Elisava, Facultat de Disseny i Enginyeria de Barcelona; arquitecta per la Universidad de Santiago de Chile (2006); màster en Disseny per al Desenvolupament del Producte Industrial del Politecnico di Milano (2012), i diplomada en Ergonomia per la Universidad de Santiago de Chile.
Les seves principals àrees de recerca se centren en l’ergonomia, les bases biològiques de l’experiència arquitectònica i la biologia de l’observació en els processos de disseny.
Paral·lelament al seu desenvolupament professional com a arquitecta independent (Factos i maLeon Arquitectura & Diseño), comença la seva tasca com a acadèmica a les àrees d’arquitectura i disseny a diverses universitats xilenes. Actualment treballa a la Universidad de Santiago de Chile i a Elisava, on també exerceix com a investigadora associada des del 2015.
D’altra banda, participa en diversos projectes sobre la interacció entre l’entorn construït, l’ésser humà i el benestar integral, vinculats a les respostes biològiques i psicològiques de les persones. I també lidera altres projectes, en temes d’emprenedoria i d’innovació, relacionats amb el foment de les indústries creatives.
Finalment, cal destacar les seves variades col·laboracions amb estudis d’arquitectura xilens i italians i el seu exercici continu com a professional autònoma.
Ainoa Abella Garcia, Elisava, Facultat de Disseny i Enginyeria de Barcelona (UVic-UCC)
Ainoa Abella és doctora en Estadística i Investigació Operativa per la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya i enginyera en Disseny Industrial per Elisava (2015). El 2015 va cursar el màster universitari en Formació del Professorat d’Educació Secundària Obligatòria i Batxillerat, Formació Professional, en l’especialitat de tecnologia a Blanquerna (URL).
Actualment és professora i investigadora científica en la línia de recerca Decoding Well-being d’Elisava Research, on participa en projectes de recerca acadèmics i privats amb empreses i també col·labora amb institucions tant nacionals com internacionals.
Els seus treballs i publicacions se centren en la parametrització de les emocions, el benestar i la percepció dels materials a través de l’enginyeria kansei i l’aplicació de l'estadística i la visualització de dades al disseny.
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