És el marc legal de drets humans de la UE capaç de fer front a la intel·ligència artificial discriminatòria?

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Pablo Martínez Ramil

Els desafiaments introduïts per la intel·ligència artificial (IA) per al marc legal de la UE contra la discriminació han estat un tema àmpliament debatut entre la doctrina. Davant del vintè aniversari de la Carta dels Drets Fonamentals de la Unió Europea, la Comissió va publicar una proposta reglamentària per tractar la IA. Aquest document pretén determinar si la proposta tracta amb èxit els esculls existents del marc de la UE. En primer lloc, el document explora el funcionament dels sistemes d'intel·ligència artificial que fan servir tècniques d'aprenentatge automàtic i determina com es produeix la discriminació. En segon lloc, l'article examina els drets de propietat intel·lectual com una de les principals barreres per a retre comptes i la reparació de les violacions comeses per un sistema d'intel·ligència artificial. En tercer lloc, tracta l'estat del debat sobre els esculls de l'actual enfocament de la UE cap a la no discriminació. La literatura acadèmica disponible suggereix que els resultats discriminatoris produïts per una IA equivaldran a una discriminació indirecta en la majoria dels escenaris. En aquest sentit, els casos de discriminació indirecta per poders (proxy) probablement passaran la prova de proporcionalitat, la qual cosa justificarà el resultat discriminatori. L'última secció d'aquest article estudia la proposta reguladora de la Comissió. Tot i que el document sembla que tracti de manera efectiva la discriminació causada per conjunts esbiaixats de dades de capacitació, aquest conclou que els drets de propietat intel·lectual i la discriminació per poders encara són barreres significatives per a aplicar la llei contra la discriminació.

Paraules clau
drets humans, Carta dels Drets Fonamentals de la Unió Europea, intel·ligència artificial, IA, algorismes, Llei de secret comercial, no discriminació

Article Details

Com citar
Martínez Ramil, Pablo. “És el marc legal de drets humans de la UE capaç de fer front a la intel·ligència artificial discriminatòria?”. IDP. Revista d’Internet, Dret i Política, no. 34, pp. 1-14, doi:10.7238/idp.v0i34.387481.
Biografia de l'autor/a

Pablo Martínez Ramil, Departament de Dret Internacional i Europeu. Facultat de Dret, Palacký University Olomouc

Doctorat investigador del Departament de Dret Internacional i Europeu de la Facultat de Dret de la Universitat Palacký d’Olomouc (Txèquia). És llicenciat en Ciències Polítiques i Administració Pública i en Dret per la Universitat de Salamanca (2012-2017). També té un màster en Lideratge polític i social per la Universitat Carlos III de Madrid (2017-2018), un mestratge en Dret internacional i europeu per la Universitat Palacký d'Olomouc (2018-2020) i, finalment, un doctorat en Dret Internacional i Europeu per la mateixa universitat (2020-2021). Pablo Martínez té experiència prèvia com a consultor d'afers públics a Servicios Integrados Lasker. Lobbying y Relaciones (2018). També és activista social i voluntari d’Amnistia Internacional en l'estructura regional de Castella i Lleó (2018), de la Clínica Jurídica d'Acció Social a la Universitat de Salamanca (2017), de pràctiques curriculars en el grup local d'Amnistia Internacional a Salamanca (2016) i a la Creu Roja (2015). Al llarg dels anys ha guanyat els següents premis: premi extraordinari del màster en Lideratge polític i social, atorgat per la Universitat Carlos III de Madrid (2018), i premi com a membre de l'equip txec a la Telders International Law Moot Court Competition del 2020.

 

 

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