Sociología relacional del campo científico: comunicación, identidades y relaciones de campo

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Jan A. Fuhse

Se forma una conceptualización sociológica relacional de los campos sociales y se aplica al mundo académico y científico. Generalmente, los campos sociales son espacios de comunicación controlados por determinadas instituciones y por la sensación (illusio) de participar en el mismo grupo. Consisten en actividades comunicativas como publicaciones en ciencia, afirmaciones y peticiones en política, etc. Los campos científicos se estructuran en torno a afirmaciones representativas de los fenómenos objeto de estudio. Tales actividades comunicativas ofrecen definiciones determinadas de la situación en la que se basa o se renegocia la comunicación posterior. En este proceso, se desarrollan ideas que estructuran el campo y las identidades de los actores asociados a estas ideas. En este sentido, los actores no dirigen los procesos en el campo, sino que son puntos de proyección que estructuran el discurso en el campo. Los actores están conectados a las ideas y, por ende, indirectamente entre ellos, en la toma de posiciones. Entonces, las relaciones de campo involucran constelaciones de actores e ideas. A diferencia de las relaciones sociales como la amistad o el apoyo, las relaciones de campo pueden ser unilaterales, y afectan a la continuación de la comunicación en un campo mucho más amplio, y no solo a los dos actores implicados. A diferencia de las teorías anteriores de los campos sociales, estas se consideran como constelaciones socioculturales que se desarrollan en el curso de la comunicación, y no como la competición de los actores por los recursos o las constelaciones de orientaciones subjetivas.

Palabras clave
Campo académico, autores, teoría de campo, sociología relacional, relaciones sociales, campo científico

Article Details

Cómo citar
Fuhse, Jan A. «Sociología relacional del campo científico: comunicación, identidades y relaciones de campo». Digithum, n.º 26, doi:10.7238/d.v0i26.374144.
Biografía del autor/a

Jan A. Fuhse, Universidad de Bremen

Jan A. Fuhse es profesor interino de Sociología en la Universidad de Bremen, Alemania. Después de su doctorado en Sociología en la Universidad de Stuttgart, Alemania, en 2007, hizo un posdoctorado (financiado por la Fundación Alexander von Humboldt) en la Universidad de Columbia, Estados Unidos, entre 2007 y 2008. Allí trabajó con Harrison White y Charles Tilly en la teoría de las redes sociales. Del 2009 al 2013 fue profesor adjunto de Sociología Política en la Universidad de Bielefeld, Alemania, y obtuvo la habilitación en 2011. Del 2013 al 2018, Fuhse trabajó como becario Heisenberg (financiado por la Sociedad Alemana de Investigación) en la Universidad Humboldt de Berlín, Alemania. Su investigación se centra en la comunicación y en el sentido de las redes sociales, en las redes sociales en la desigualdad y en las relaciones interétnicas, en las constelaciones en el discurso político y en la teoría de las ciencias sociales computacionales.

Últimas publicaciones: «Theorizing Social Networks: Relational Sociology of and around Harrison White» (International Review of Sociology, 2015), «Networks from Communication»  (European Journal of Social Theory, 2015), «New Media and Socio-Cultural Formations» (Cybernetics & Human Knowing, 2018), «Relating Social and Symbolic Relations in Quantitative Text Analysis. A Study of Parliamentary Discourse in the Weimar Republic» (Poetics, 2020, con Oscar Stuhler, Jan Riebling y John Levi Martin) y «Theories of Social Networks» en: Ryan Light y James Moody (editores): Oxford Handbook of Social Networks (2020, OUP).

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