Evolution of platinum-based drugs: From cisplatin to oxaliplatin

Abstract

Platinum-based drugs, such as cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, have revolutionized chemotherapy and are widely used worldwide in the treatment of various types of cancer. These organometallic compounds have demonstrated high antitumor efficacy, which has driven their development and optimization over the decades. This review provides a historical overview of the discovery of platinum, the evolution of its organometallic compounds with pharmacological applications, and a current perspective on the use of nanomaterials as controlled drug delivery systems aimed at improving efficacy while reducing the adverse effects of these agents.