La protecció de les llengües minoritàries a l’Administració pública d’Irlanda del Nord: la legislació lingüística a favor de l’irlandès i de l’escocès de l’Ulster. Quines llengües són les protegides? Quan seran protegides?

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Alessia Vacca
University of Sassari: Dr. Avv. Alessia Vacca is working as Assistant Professor in Administrative Law at the University of Sassari. She is an Italian lawyer and researcher with more than ten years of experience, especially in administrative law. She is working on a project of research regarding Transparency in the Energy Law sector. Dr. Vacca holds a PhD in Law from the University of Aberdeen (UK) where she has also worked tutoring EU Law and Foundations of Private Law at the School of Law. She is graduated in Law (Laurea in Giurisprudenza Vecchio Ordinamento which corresponds to a five years degree) at the University of Cagliari (Italy) with 110/110 cum laude. In 2009 she was awarded with the CB Davidson, University of Aberdeen. Alessia has been, until 2005, contract researcher at the University of Cagliari, sponsored by Regione Autonoma della Sardegna. She has been also a trainee lawyer in London (as a winner of the Leonardo da Vinci award) and in Barcelona (Spain). She attended several post-graduate courses in EU Law, Human Rights Law and Administrative Law in Italy (e.g. Cagliari, Milano) and abroad (e.g. International Public Law at the Hague Academy, Peace Palace, Netherlands, Human Rights in the EU at the University Carlos III Madrid, Krakow, Cooperation among Mediterranean Sea Countries, University of Marseille). She delivered several presentations: at the University of Aberdeen, at the Emory Institute for Human Rights, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, in Florence: University Paris Nanterre X, at the University of London, at the University of Tartu, Estonia. In December 2008/January 2009 she was visiting researcher at the University of Sydney, Australia. She has written various articles dealing with the issue of rights of minority languages, minority rights, public administration, transparency and transparency in the public administration.

L'ús de llengües minoritàries a l'Administració pública té un alt valor simbòlic i, per tant, això pot facilitar que l'estatus dels idiomes afectats millori. Aquest article se centra en l'anàlisi de l'ús de les llengües minoritàries a l'Administració pública d'Irlanda del Nord. Inclou una breu història del paper que han exercit aquests idiomes al país i un examen de la seva situació demogràfica (els censos de 2001 i 2011), abans d'abordar els compromisos i la legislació internacionals, la posada en marxa de la legislació (determinada principalment pels informes estatals sobre les obligacions internacionals pertinents) i les propostes d'una futura legislació respecte de la protecció de l'irlandès i de l'escocès de l'Ulster a Irlanda del Nord.

L'idioma irlandès és una llengua celta que històricament s'ha parlat a Irlanda. Moltes persones a Irlanda del Nord la consideren una part molt important del seu patrimoni cultural. Segons el cens de 2001, l'irlandès el parla el 10,4% de la població d'Irlanda del Nord i es va calcular (al cens de 2001 no hi havia preguntes sobre l'escocès de l'Ulster, que van ser introduïdes per primera vegada al cens de 2011) que l'escocès de l'Ulster, l'altre idioma parlat a Irlanda del Nord, a part de l'anglès i de l'irlandès, el parlava un 2% de la població. De fet, segons el cens de 2011, el nombre de persones amb algun coneixement d'irlandès i d'escocès de l'Ulster és semblant. Un 8,08% de la població d'Irlanda del Nord es pot comunicar en l’escocès de l'Ulster i el 10,65% té coneixements d'irlandès. És sorprenent que no hi hagi una enorme diferència entre els dos percentatges.

La Llei d'Irlanda del Nord de 1998 va atorgar a l'Assemblea d'Irlanda del Nord unes competències legislatives per a la majoria de les polítiques que són pertinents per a la protecció de l'irlandès i de l'escocès de l'Ulster. No obstant això, parlant a grans trets, aquestes competències no s'han fet valer, per culpa, en gran part, de la naturalesa altament discutida de la llengua a Irlanda del Nord, i al punt mort al qual s'ha arribat entre els partits nacionalistes, que dispensen un ampli suport a les accions legislatives encaminades a protegir l'irlandès, i als partits unionistes, que s'oposen a aquestes mesures i invoquen la protecció de l'escocès de l'Ulster. La societat nord-irlandesa està dividida. I hi ha estereotips que no han permès gaudir de l'herència lingüística d'Irlanda del Nord. Aquest article se centra, doncs, especialment, en l'ús de l'irlandès i de l'escocès de l'Ulster a l'Administració pública d'Irlanda del Nord.

 

Paraules clau
Irlandés, escocès de l'Ulster, Administració pública, drets lingüístics, transferència de competències, legislació, estrategia, religió.

Article Details

Com citar
Vacca, Alessia. “La protecció de les llengües minoritàries a l’Administració pública d’Irlanda del Nord: la legislació lingüística a favor de l’irlandès i de l’escocès de l’Ulster. Quines llengües són les protegides? Quan seran protegides?”. Revista de Llengua i Dret, no. 62, pp. 49-72, https://raco.cat/index.php/RLD/article/view/291419.
Biografia de l'autor/a

Alessia Vacca, University of Sassari: Dr. Avv. Alessia Vacca is working as Assistant Professor in Administrative Law at the University of Sassari. She is an Italian lawyer and researcher with more than ten years of experience, especially in administrative law. She is working on a project of research regarding Transparency in the Energy Law sector. Dr. Vacca holds a PhD in Law from the University of Aberdeen (UK) where she has also worked tutoring EU Law and Foundations of Private Law at the School of Law. She is graduated in Law (Laurea in Giurisprudenza Vecchio Ordinamento which corresponds to a five years degree) at the University of Cagliari (Italy) with 110/110 cum laude. In 2009 she was awarded with the CB Davidson, University of Aberdeen. Alessia has been, until 2005, contract researcher at the University of Cagliari, sponsored by Regione Autonoma della Sardegna. She has been also a trainee lawyer in London (as a winner of the Leonardo da Vinci award) and in Barcelona (Spain). She attended several post-graduate courses in EU Law, Human Rights Law and Administrative Law in Italy (e.g. Cagliari, Milano) and abroad (e.g. International Public Law at the Hague Academy, Peace Palace, Netherlands, Human Rights in the EU at the University Carlos III Madrid, Krakow, Cooperation among Mediterranean Sea Countries, University of Marseille). She delivered several presentations: at the University of Aberdeen, at the Emory Institute for Human Rights, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, in Florence: University Paris Nanterre X, at the University of London, at the University of Tartu, Estonia. In December 2008/January 2009 she was visiting researcher at the University of Sydney, Australia. She has written various articles dealing with the issue of rights of minority languages, minority rights, public administration, transparency and transparency in the public administration.

Dr. Avv. Alessia Vacca is working as Assistant Professor at the University of Sassari. She is an Italian lawyer and researcher with more than ten years of experience, especially in administrative law. She is working on a project of research regarding Transparency in the Energy Law sector. Dr. Vacca holds a PhD in Law from the University of Aberdeen (UK) where she has also worked tutoring EU Law and Foundations of Private Law at the School of Law. She is graduated in Law (Laurea in Giurisprudenza Vecchio Ordinamento which corresponds to a five years degree) at the University of Cagliari (Italy) with 110/110 cum laude. In 2009 she was awarded with the CB Davidson, University of Aberdeen. Alessia has been, until 2005, contract researcher at the University of Cagliari, sponsored by Regione Autonoma della Sardegna. She has been also a trainee lawyer in London (as a winner of the Leonardo da Vinci award) and in Barcelona (Spain). She attended several post-graduate courses in EU Law, Human Rights Law and Administrative Law in Italy (e.g. Cagliari, Milano) and abroad (e.g. International Public Law at the Hague Academy, Peace Palace, Netherlands, Human Rights in the EU at the University Carlos III Madrid, Krakow, Cooperation among Mediterranean Sea Countries, University of Marseille). She delivered several presentations: at the University of Aberdeen, at the Emory Institute for Human Rights, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, in Florence: University Paris Nanterre X, at the University of London, at the University of Tartu, Estonia. In December 2008/January 2009 she was visiting researcher at the University of Sydney, Australia. She has written various articles dealing with the issue of rights of minority languages, minority rights, public administration, transparency and transparency in the public administration. Abstract:The Irish language is a Celtic language which has historically been spoken in Ireland. According to the 2001 census, Irish is spoken by 10.4% of the population of Northern Ireland and it is estimated that Ulster Scots, the other language spoken in Northern Ireland other than English and Irish, is spoken by around 2% of the population. Indeed, according to the 2011 census 8.08% of the population of Northern Ireland has some ability in Ulster Scots and 10.65% has some ability in Irish.The Northern Ireland Act 1998 gave to the Northern Ireland Assembly significant legislative powers in most policy areas that are relevant to the protection of Irish and Ulster Scots. Generally, however, this power has not been used, largely due to the highly contested nature of language in Northern Ireland, and the stalemate between Nationalist parties, who are broadly supportive of taking legislative action to protect Irish, and the Unionist parties, which oppose such measures, and invoke the protection of Ulster ScotsThis article is focused especially on the use of Irish in the Public Administration of Northern Ireland.