La protección de las lenguas minoritarias en la Administración pública de Irlanda del Norte: la legislación lingüística a favor del irlandés y del escocés del Ulster. ¿Cuáles son las lenguas protegidas? ¿Cuándo serán protegidas?

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Alessia Vacca
University of Sassari: Dr. Avv. Alessia Vacca is working as Assistant Professor in Administrative Law at the University of Sassari. She is an Italian lawyer and researcher with more than ten years of experience, especially in administrative law. She is working on a project of research regarding Transparency in the Energy Law sector. Dr. Vacca holds a PhD in Law from the University of Aberdeen (UK) where she has also worked tutoring EU Law and Foundations of Private Law at the School of Law. She is graduated in Law (Laurea in Giurisprudenza Vecchio Ordinamento which corresponds to a five years degree) at the University of Cagliari (Italy) with 110/110 cum laude. In 2009 she was awarded with the CB Davidson, University of Aberdeen. Alessia has been, until 2005, contract researcher at the University of Cagliari, sponsored by Regione Autonoma della Sardegna. She has been also a trainee lawyer in London (as a winner of the Leonardo da Vinci award) and in Barcelona (Spain). She attended several post-graduate courses in EU Law, Human Rights Law and Administrative Law in Italy (e.g. Cagliari, Milano) and abroad (e.g. International Public Law at the Hague Academy, Peace Palace, Netherlands, Human Rights in the EU at the University Carlos III Madrid, Krakow, Cooperation among Mediterranean Sea Countries, University of Marseille). She delivered several presentations: at the University of Aberdeen, at the Emory Institute for Human Rights, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, in Florence: University Paris Nanterre X, at the University of London, at the University of Tartu, Estonia. In December 2008/January 2009 she was visiting researcher at the University of Sydney, Australia. She has written various articles dealing with the issue of rights of minority languages, minority rights, public administration, transparency and transparency in the public administration.

El uso de lenguas minoritarias en la Administración pública tiene un alto valor simbólico, y por consiguiente, puede promover el estatus de dichos idiomas. Este artículo se centra en el análisis del uso de las lenguas minoritarias en la administración pública de Irlanda del Norte. Incluye una breve historia del papel que han desempeñado estos idiomas en el país y un examen de su situación demográfica (los censos de 2001 y 2011), antes de abordar los compromisos y la legislación internacionales, la puesta en marcha de legislación (determinada principalmente a través de los informes estatales sobre las obligaciones internacionales pertinentes) y las propuestas de una futura legislación respecto de la protección del irlandés y del escocés del Ulster en Irlanda del Norte.

El idioma irlandés es una lengua celta que históricamente se ha hablado en Irlanda. Muchas personas en Irlanda del Norte la consideran una parte muy importante de su patrimonio cultural. Según el censo de 2001, el irlandés lo habla el 10,4% de la población de Irlanda del Norte y se calculó (en el censo de 2001 no había preguntas sobre el escocés del Ulster, que fueron introducidas por primera vez en el censo de 2011) que el escocés del Ulster, el otro idioma hablado en Irlanda del Norte, aparte del inglés y del irlandés, lo hablaba un 2% de la población. De hecho, según el censo de 2011, el número de personas con algún conocimiento del irlandés y del escocés del Ulster es parecido. Un 8,08% de la población de Irlanda del Norte tiene alguna capacidad para desenvolverse en el escocés del Ulster y el 10,65% tiene algunos conocimientos del irlandés. Es de sorprender que no haya una enorme diferencia entre los dos porcentajes.

La Ley de Irlanda del Norte de 1998 otorgó a la Asamblea de Irlanda del Norte unas competencias legislativas para la mayoría de las políticas que son pertinentes para la protección del irlandés y del escocés del Ulster. No obstante, hablando a grandes rasgos, estas competencias no se han hecho valer, debido en gran medida a la naturaleza altamente discutida de la lengua en Irlanda del Norte, y al punto muerto al que se ha llegado entre los partidos nacionalistas, que dispensan un amplio apoyo a las acciones legislativas encaminadas a proteger el irlandés, y los partidos unionistas, que se oponen a estas medidas e invocan la protección del escocés del Ulster. La sociedad norirlandesa está divida. Y existen estereotipos que no han permitido el disfrute de la herencia lingüística de Irlanda del Norte. Este artículo se centra especialmente en el uso del irlandés y del escocés del Ulster en la administración pública de Irlanda del Norte.

Palabras clave
Irlandés, escocés del Ulster, administración pública, derechos lingüísticos, transferencia de competencias, legislación, estrategia, religión.

Article Details

Cómo citar
Vacca, Alessia. «La protección de las lenguas minoritarias en la Administración pública de Irlanda del Norte: la legislación lingüística a favor del irlandés y del escocés del Ulster. ¿Cuáles son las lenguas protegidas? ¿Cuándo serán protegidas?». Revista de Llengua i Dret, n.º 62, pp. 49-72, https://raco.cat/index.php/RLD/article/view/291419.
Biografía del autor/a

Alessia Vacca, University of Sassari: Dr. Avv. Alessia Vacca is working as Assistant Professor in Administrative Law at the University of Sassari. She is an Italian lawyer and researcher with more than ten years of experience, especially in administrative law. She is working on a project of research regarding Transparency in the Energy Law sector. Dr. Vacca holds a PhD in Law from the University of Aberdeen (UK) where she has also worked tutoring EU Law and Foundations of Private Law at the School of Law. She is graduated in Law (Laurea in Giurisprudenza Vecchio Ordinamento which corresponds to a five years degree) at the University of Cagliari (Italy) with 110/110 cum laude. In 2009 she was awarded with the CB Davidson, University of Aberdeen. Alessia has been, until 2005, contract researcher at the University of Cagliari, sponsored by Regione Autonoma della Sardegna. She has been also a trainee lawyer in London (as a winner of the Leonardo da Vinci award) and in Barcelona (Spain). She attended several post-graduate courses in EU Law, Human Rights Law and Administrative Law in Italy (e.g. Cagliari, Milano) and abroad (e.g. International Public Law at the Hague Academy, Peace Palace, Netherlands, Human Rights in the EU at the University Carlos III Madrid, Krakow, Cooperation among Mediterranean Sea Countries, University of Marseille). She delivered several presentations: at the University of Aberdeen, at the Emory Institute for Human Rights, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, in Florence: University Paris Nanterre X, at the University of London, at the University of Tartu, Estonia. In December 2008/January 2009 she was visiting researcher at the University of Sydney, Australia. She has written various articles dealing with the issue of rights of minority languages, minority rights, public administration, transparency and transparency in the public administration.

Dr. Avv. Alessia Vacca is working as Assistant Professor at the University of Sassari. She is an Italian lawyer and researcher with more than ten years of experience, especially in administrative law. She is working on a project of research regarding Transparency in the Energy Law sector. Dr. Vacca holds a PhD in Law from the University of Aberdeen (UK) where she has also worked tutoring EU Law and Foundations of Private Law at the School of Law. She is graduated in Law (Laurea in Giurisprudenza Vecchio Ordinamento which corresponds to a five years degree) at the University of Cagliari (Italy) with 110/110 cum laude. In 2009 she was awarded with the CB Davidson, University of Aberdeen. Alessia has been, until 2005, contract researcher at the University of Cagliari, sponsored by Regione Autonoma della Sardegna. She has been also a trainee lawyer in London (as a winner of the Leonardo da Vinci award) and in Barcelona (Spain). She attended several post-graduate courses in EU Law, Human Rights Law and Administrative Law in Italy (e.g. Cagliari, Milano) and abroad (e.g. International Public Law at the Hague Academy, Peace Palace, Netherlands, Human Rights in the EU at the University Carlos III Madrid, Krakow, Cooperation among Mediterranean Sea Countries, University of Marseille). She delivered several presentations: at the University of Aberdeen, at the Emory Institute for Human Rights, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, in Florence: University Paris Nanterre X, at the University of London, at the University of Tartu, Estonia. In December 2008/January 2009 she was visiting researcher at the University of Sydney, Australia. She has written various articles dealing with the issue of rights of minority languages, minority rights, public administration, transparency and transparency in the public administration. Abstract:The Irish language is a Celtic language which has historically been spoken in Ireland. According to the 2001 census, Irish is spoken by 10.4% of the population of Northern Ireland and it is estimated that Ulster Scots, the other language spoken in Northern Ireland other than English and Irish, is spoken by around 2% of the population. Indeed, according to the 2011 census 8.08% of the population of Northern Ireland has some ability in Ulster Scots and 10.65% has some ability in Irish.The Northern Ireland Act 1998 gave to the Northern Ireland Assembly significant legislative powers in most policy areas that are relevant to the protection of Irish and Ulster Scots. Generally, however, this power has not been used, largely due to the highly contested nature of language in Northern Ireland, and the stalemate between Nationalist parties, who are broadly supportive of taking legislative action to protect Irish, and the Unionist parties, which oppose such measures, and invoke the protection of Ulster ScotsThis article is focused especially on the use of Irish in the Public Administration of Northern Ireland.