El desarrollo digital de la Unión Europea: aspectos de gobernanza de datos de la movilidad cooperativa, conectada y automatizada

Main Article Content

Ondrej Hamulák
Josef Andraško
Matúš Mesarčík

Este artículo se centra en el tema de la gobernanza de datos en vehículos conectados. En primer lugar, se analizan las nociones básicas de vehículos autónomos y se introduce un marco legal. La Unión Europea tiene como objetivo crear una movilidad cooperativa, conectada y automatizada basada en la cooperación de diferentes tipos de maquinaria interconectada. La esencia del sistema es el flujo de datos en vehículos conectados y el tema representa una de las cuestiones tan discutidas en la doctrina legal. Por lo tanto, la gobernanza de datos se discute más a fondo en el artículo. La parte final del artículo trata sobre el tema de las responsabilidades y obligaciones de los diferentes actores involucrados en el procesamiento de datos personales de acuerdo con el Reglamento General de Protección de Datos aplicado al entorno de la infraestructura inteligente CAV.

Palabras clave
vehículos conectados, vehículos autónomos, RGPD, gobierno de datos

Article Details

Cómo citar
Hamulák, Ondrej et al. «El desarrollo digital de la Unión Europea: aspectos de gobernanza de datos de la movilidad cooperativa, conectada y automatizada». IDP. Revista de Internet, Derecho y Política, n.º 34, pp. 1-16, doi:10.7238/idp.v0i34.387494.
Biografía del autor/a

Ondrej Hamulák, Facultad de Derecho, Universidad Palacký, República Checa

Doctor en Derecho. Profesor titular

Josef Andraško, Instituto de Derecho de las Tecnologías de la Información y Derecho de la Propiedad Intelectual Universidad Comenius de Bratislava, Facultad de Derecho

Doctor en Derecho. Profesor adjunto

Matúš Mesarčík, Instituto de Derecho de las Tecnologías de la Información y Derecho de la Propiedad Intelectual Universidad Comenius de Bratislava, Facultad de Derecho

Doctor en Derecho i máster en Leyes. Profesor adjunto

Citas

ACEA (2016). “Access to vehicle data for third-party services”. In: ACEA Position Paper, pp. 3 [online]. Available at: https://www.acea.auto/files/ACEA_Position_Paper_Access_to_vehicle_data_for_third-party_services.pdf

ANDRAŠKO, J.; HAMUĽÁK, O.; MESARČÍK, M.; KERIKMÄE, T.; KAJANDER, A. (2021). “Sustainable Data Governance for Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility in the European Union”. In: Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 19, p. 10610. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910610

ANWB (2015). “Onderzoek naar verzamelen, opslaan, gebruiken en verzenden van data door auto’s” [online]. Dutch Automobile Association. Available at: https://www.anwb.nl/binaries/content/assets/anwb/pdf/auto/connected-car/my-car-my-data---adac---fia-test-data-in-auto.pdf

BSI (2020). “Connected and automated vehicles. Vocabulary BSI Flex 1890 v3.0:2020-10”. In: BSI [online]. Available at: https://www.bsigroup.com/globalassets/localfiles/en-gb/cav/bsi-flex-1890-v3-2020-10.pdf

COLLINGWOOD, L. (2017). “Privacy implications and liability issues of autonomous vehicles”. In: Information & Communications Technology Law, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 32-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13600834.2017.1269871

Commission Nationale de l‘Informatique et des Libertés (2018). “Connected vehicles: a compliance package for a responsible use of data” [online]. Available at: https://www.cnil.fr/en/connected-vehicles-compliance-package-responsible-use-data

CORDEIRO, A. B. M. (2019). “Civil Liability for Processing of Personal Data in the GDPR”. In: European Data Protection Law Review, no. 4.

CZARNECKI, K. (2017). “English Translation of the German Road Traffic Act Amendment Regulating the Use of Motor Vehicles with Highly or Fully Automated Driving Function”. In: ResearchGate [online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320813344 [Accessed: 25 April 2021].

DG GROW (2017). “GEAR 2030: High Level Group on the Competitiveness and Sustainable Growth of the Automotive Industry in the European Union. Final Report”. In: DocsRoom European Commission [online]. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/cmsdata/141562/GEAR%202030%20Final%20Report.pdf.

EUROPEAN AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (2020). “ACEA comments EDPB guidelines 1/2020 on processing personal data in the context of connected vehicles and mobility related applications”, p. 6.

EUROPEAN DATA PROTECTION BOARD (2019). Guidelines 4/2019 on Article 25 Data Protection by Design and by Default.

EUROPEAN DATA PROTECTION BOARD (2020a). Guidelines 1/2020 on processing personal data in the context of connected vehicles and mobility related applications. Version 1.0 Adopted on 28 January 2020.

EUROPEAN DATA PROTECTION BOARD (2020b). Guidelines 07/2020 on the concepts of controller and processor in the GDPR. Version 1.0. Adopted on 02 September 2020.

FRISONI, R. et al. (2016). “Research for TRAN Committee. Self-Piloted Cars: The Future of Road Transport?”. In: European Parliament Think Tank [online]. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=IPOL_STU(2016)573434

GERMANY. Road Traffic Act. Federal Law Gazette I, last amended by Article 6 of 17 August 2017, p. 3202.

KALA, R. (2016). On-Road Intelligent Vehicles. Motion Planning for Intelligent Transportation Systems. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, pp. 536.

KASPER, A.; KRASZNAY, C. (2019). “Towards Pollution-Control in Cyberspace: Problem Structure and Institutional Design in International Cybersecurity”. In: International and Comparative Law Review, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 76-96 [online]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2019-0015

KERBER, W. (2018). “Data Governance in Connected Cars: The Problem of Access to In-Vehicle Data”. In: JIPITEC, no. 9, pp. 310.

KERBER, W.; FRANK, J. S. (2018). “Data Governance Regimes in the Digital Economy: The Example of Connected Cars” [online]. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3064794 [Accessed: 25 April 2021]

KERBER, W.; GILL, D. (2019). “Access to Data in Connected Cars and the Recent Reform of the Motor Vehicle Type Approval Regulation”. In: JIPITEC, no. 10, pp. 244 [online]. Available at: https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-10-2-2019/4917

KUNER, CH. (2007). European Data Protection Law. Corporate Compliance and Regulation. 2nd. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

LAROUCHE, P.; PEITZ, M.; PURTOVA, N. (2016). “Consumer Privacy in network industries. A CERRE Policy Report”. In: Centre on Regulation in Europe.

MAHIEU, R.; HOBOKEN VAN, J.; ASGHARI, H. (2019). “Responsibility for Data Protection in a Networked World. On the question of the Controller. ‘Effective and Complete Protection’ and its Application to Data Access Rights in Europe”. In: JIPITEC, no. 39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3256743

MATTESON S. (2020). “Autonomous versus automated: What each means and why it matters”. In: Tech Republic [online]. Available at: https://www.techrepublic.com/article/autonomous-versus-automated-what-each-means-and-why-it-matters/ [Accessed: 25 April 2021].

OECD/ITF (2015). “Automated and Autonomous Driving: Regulation under uncertainty” [online]. Available at: https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/15cpb_autonomousdriving.pdf [Accessed: 25 April 2021]

SAE (2016). Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles, J3016_201609 [online]. Available at: https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3016_201609/

SKIHO, K.; SHRESTHA, R. (2020). Automotive Cyber Security. Introduction, Challenges, and Standardization [online]. Singapore: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8053-6

TOMBAL, T. (2019). “GDPR as shield to a data sharing remedy?”. ASCOLA 2020 Conference [online]. University of Namur - CRIDS/NaDI. Available at: https://law.haifa.ac.il/images/ASCOLA/Tombal.pdf.

VAN ALSENOY, B. (2012). “Allocating responsibility among controllers, processors, and ‘everything in between’: the definition of actors and roles in Directive 95/46/EC”. In: Computer Law and Security Review, no. 28 [online]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2011.11.006

VAN ALSENOY, B. (2016). “Liability under EU Data Protection Law. From Directive 95/46 to the General Data Protection Regulation”. In: JIPITEC, no. 7, pp. 271 [online]. Available at: https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-7-3-2016/4506

VAN ALSENOY, B.; DUMORTIER, J. (2012). “The accountability principle in data protection regulation: origin, development and future directions”. In: GUAGNIN, D. et al. (eds). Managing Privacy Through Accountability. London: Palgrave Macmillian.

YEEFEN LIM, H. (2018). Autonomous Vehicles, and the Law: Technology, Algorithms and Ethics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, p. 4-5.

ŽOLNERČÍKOVÁ, V. (2020). “Prokazování příčinné souvislosti u škod způsobených propojenými autonomními vozidly”. In: Revue pro právo a technologie, no. 21, pp. 129-152 [online]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5817/RPT2020-1-6

Legal resources

Decision of the CJEU from 5 June 2018, Unabhängiges Landeszentrum für Datenschutz Schleswig-Holstein v Wirtschaftsakademie Schleswig-Holstein GmbH. Case n. C210/16.

Decision of the CJEU from 13 May 2014, Google Spain SL a Google Inc. v Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD) a Mario Costeja González. Case n. C-131/12.

Decision of the CJEU from 29 July 2019, Fashion ID GmbH & Co.KG v Verbraucherzentrale NRW eV. Case n. C40/17.

EUR-Lex-32002L0058. Directive 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2002 concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector (Directive on privacy and electronic communications).

EUR-Lex-32010L0040. Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 July 2010 on the framework for the deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems in the field of road transport and for interfaces with other modes of transport.

EUR-Lex-32016R0679. Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (Text with EEA relevance). OJ L 119, 4.5.2016, p. 1–88.

EUR-Lex-32018R0858. Regulation (EU) 2018/858 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on the approval and market surveillance of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, amending Regulations (EC) No 715/2007 and (EC) No 595/2009 and repealing Directive 2007/46/EC (Text with EEA relevance). PE/73/2017/REV/1. OJ L 151, 14.6.2018, p. 1-218.

EUR-Lex-32019R2144. Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on type-approval requirements for motor vehicles and their trailers, and systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, as regards their general safety and the protection of vehicle occupants and vulnerable road users, amending Regulation (EU) 2018/858 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Regulations (EC) No 78/2009, (EC) No 79/2009 and (EC) No 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulations (EC) No 631/2009, (EU) No 406/2010, (EU) No 672/2010, (EU) No 1003/2010, (EU) No 1005/2010, (EU) No 1008/2010, (EU) No 1009/2010, (EU) No 19/2011, (EU) No 109/2011, (EU) No 458/2011, (EU) No 65/2012, (EU) No 130/2012, (EU) No 347/2012, (EU) No 351/2012, (EU) No 1230/2012 and (EU) 2015/166 (Text with EEA relevance).

EUR-Lex-52016DC0766. COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS A European strategy on Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems, a milestone towards cooperative, connected and automated mobility.

EUR-Lex-52018DC0283. COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE, THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS On the road to automated mobility: An EU strategy for mobility of the future.

EUR-Lex-C/2019/1789. COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) …/... supplementing Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the deployment and operational use of cooperative intelligent transport systems.