L'enfocament europeu per construir la política i la governança de la IA: un refugi per a buròcrates o innovadors?

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Olga Shumilo
Tanel Kerikmäe

Les tecnologies disruptives i el domini de les plataformes digitals han desafiat els actors de l'economia global dues vegades: primer, per donar-los un cop de mà i després per mitigar els possibles riscos. No hi ha dubte que la intel·ligència artificial (IA) fiable pot aportar molts beneficis en l’àmbit europeu, com ara una millor atenció sanitària, un transport més segur i net, una fabricació més eficient i una energia sostenible. Tanmateix, regular allò desconegut requereix esforços considerables sobre com atraure inversors amb normes clares i alhora mantenir el control humà com una prioritat sobre els algoritmes. L'abril de 2021, la Comissió de la Unió Europea va publicar una proposta holística per regular l'ús de la IA que promet posar la confiança en primer lloc i garantir que els operadors de reconeixement facial i de big data mai no incompleixin els drets humans fonamentals. Tot i que és probable que la proposta es modifiqui durant els debats a escala de la UE, el nou enfocament de la IA donarà clarament als ciutadans la confiança per adoptar aquestes tecnologies, al mateix temps que animarà les empreses a desenvolupar-les. Per tant, aquest article té com a objectiu traçar els principals desafiaments per a la política de la UE sobre l'ús de la IA, així com els objectius del desenvolupament de la proposta holística legislativa, i aclarir si aquesta proposta resol realment tots els riscos relacionats amb la IA per a les generacions futures.

Paraules clau
intel·ligència artificial, IA, dret de la UE, drets fonamentals

Article Details

Com citar
Shumilo, Olga; and Kerikmäe, Tanel. “L’enfocament europeu per construir la política i la governança de la IA: un refugi per a buròcrates o innovadors?”. IDP. Revista d’Internet, Dret i Política, no. 34, pp. 1-14, doi:10.7238/idp.v0i34.387744.
Biografies de l'autor/a

Olga Shumilo, Universitat Tecnològica de Tallinn (TalTech)

Estudiant de doctorat i escriu la seva tesi sobre temes de marc legal. Com a estudiant de doctorat a la Universitat Tecnològica de Tallinn, investiga els impulsors i les barreres darrere l'adopció de la intel·ligència artificial en el poder judicial. Actualment també imparteix classes de Dret Penal i Constitucional, i ha contribuït en diverses publicacions en l'àmbit del dret de la UE i en la governança electrònica. Olga Shumilo ha obtingut el seu màster de Dret a la Universitat Nacional de Dret Yaroslav Mudryi (Khàrkiv, Ucraïna). A Ucraïna, Olga Shumilo s'ha especialitzat en criminologia i, en particular, en benestar animal.

Tanel Kerikmäe, Universitat Tecnològica de Tallinn (TalTech)

Professor de Dret Europeu i director de la Facultat de Dret de la Universitat Tecnològica de Tallinn. És membre de la junta directiva de diverses revistes de dret d'alt nivell i autor de més de cent-cinquanta articles i publicacions. Tanel Kerikmäe exerceix d'expert en institucions públiques i privades i en organitzacions internacionals, i ha estat el principal especialista de la UE a l’Àsia Central. Ha contribuït a la investigació de la llei i les polítiques europees i ha creat un grup d’investigació de dret i tecnologia que va rebre un finançament significatiu de la Comissió de la UE (H2020, Centre d'Excel·lència Europeu Jean Monnet), l'OTAN, l'acadèmia Folke Bernadotte, la USAID, el Consell d'Investigació d'Estònia, etc. És president de la branca estona de l'Associació d'Estudis de la Comunitat Europea i ha ensenyat i supervisat en diverses universitats dins i fora d'Europa, inclosos els estats bàltics. En l'actualitat, el professor Kerikmäe és responsable de diversos projectes internacionals relacionats amb xarxes internacionals de cooperació en investigació. A més, la seva experiència també inclou temes sobre polítiques jurídiques de la UE, mercat únic digital, automatització, impediments legals a les noves tecnologies i intel·ligència augmentada i artificial en la pràctica jurídica.

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