El enfoque europeo para construir la política y la gobernanza de la IA: ¿un refugio para burócratas o innovadores?

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Olga Shumilo
Tanel Kerikmäe

Las tecnologías disruptivas y el dominio de las plataformas digitales han desafiado a los actores de la economía global dos veces: primero, para echarles una mano, luego para mitigar los posibles riesgos. Está fuera de toda duda que la inteligencia artificial (IA) fiable puede aportar muchos beneficios a nivel europeo, como una mejor atención sanitaria, un transporte más seguro y limpio, una fabricación más eficiente y una energía sostenible. Pero regular lo desconocido requiere esfuerzos considerables sobre cómo atraer inversores con reglas claras y al mismo tiempo mantener el control humano como una prioridad sobre los algoritmos. En abril de 2021, la Comisión de la UE publicó una propuesta holística para regular el uso de la IA, que promete poner la confianza en primer lugar y garantizar que los operadores de reconocimiento facial y big data nunca incumplan los derechos humanos fundamentales. Aunque es probable que la propuesta se modifique durante los debates a escala de la UE, el nuevo enfoque de la IA dará claramente a los ciudadanos la confianza para adoptar estas tecnologías, al tiempo que animará a las empresas a desarrollarlas. Por lo tanto, este artículo tiene como objetivo trazar los principales desafíos para la política de la UE sobre el uso de la IA, así como los hitos del desarrollo de la propuesta holística legislativa, y aclarar si dicha propuesta resuelve realmente todos los riesgos relacionados con la IA para las generaciones futuras.

Palabras clave
IA, inteligencia artificia, derecho de la UE, derechos fundamentales

Article Details

Cómo citar
Shumilo, Olga; Kerikmäe, Tanel. «El enfoque europeo para construir la política y la gobernanza de la IA: ¿un refugio para burócratas o innovadores?». IDP. Revista de Internet, Derecho y Política, 2021, n.º 34, pp. 1-14, doi:10.7238/idp.v0i34.387744.
Biografía del autor/a

Olga Shumilo, Universidad Tecnológica de Tallin (TalTech)

Estudiante de doctorado en la Universidad Tecnológica de Tallin, investiga los impulsores y las barreras detrás de la adopción de la inteligencia artificial en el poder judicial. Actualmente también imparte clases de Derecho Penal y Constitucional, y ha contribuido a varias publicaciones en el ámbito del derecho de la UE y la gobernanza electrónica. Olga ha obtenido su máster de derecho en la Universidad Nacional de Derecho Yaroslav Mudryi (Járkov, Ucrania). En Ucrania, Olga se ha especializado en Criminología, en particular en bienestar animal.

Tanel Kerikmäe, Universidad Tecnológica de Tallin (TalTech)

Profesor de Derecho Europeo y director de la Facultad de Derecho de Tallin en la Universidad Técnica de Tallin; miembro de la junta directiva de varias revistas de derecho de alto rango y autor de más de 150 artículos y publicaciones, Tanel ejerce de experto en instituciones públicas y privadas, organizaciones internacionales y ha sido el principal especialista de la UE en Asia Central. Ha contribuido a la investigación de la ley y las políticas europeas y ha creado un grupo de investigación de derecho y tecnología que recibió una financiación significativa de la Comisión de la UE (H2020, Centro de Excelencia Jean Monnet), la OTAN, la Academia Folke Bernadotte, USAID, el Consejo de Investigación de Estonia, etc. Es presidente de la rama estonia de la Asociación de Estudios de la Comunidad Europea y ha estado enseñando y supervisando en varias universidades dentro y fuera de Europa, incluidos los Estados bálticos. En la actualidad, el profesor Kerikmäe es responsable de varios proyectos internacionales relacionados con redes internacionales de cooperación en investigación. Además, su experiencia también incluye temas sobre políticas jurídicas de la UE, mercado único digital, automatización, impedimentos legales a las nuevas tecnologías e inteligencia aumentada y artificial en la práctica jurídica.

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