Bring the Boys Back Home After Their Death in Combat During the Neo-Assyrian Period
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Fabrice De Backer
University of Vienna. Aloïs Musil Center for Oriental Studies
This paper deals with a topic hardly studied by our fellow scholars: the management of VIP casualties after a victorious battle for the Neo-Assyrians, while the management of the rank and file soldiers has been dealt with in another paper.
Paraules clau
Assyrians, casualties, VIP, victory, home
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De Backer, Fabrice. «Bring the Boys Back Home After Their Death in Combat During the Neo-Assyrian Period». Historiae, 2022, núm. 19, p. 1-32, https://raco.cat/index.php/Historiae/article/view/403783.
Referències
Albenda, P. 1986: Le palais de Sargon d’Assyrie. Paris.
Altaweel, M. 2016: Nimrud. The Queens’ Tombs. Baghdad / Chicago.
Barnett, R. 1976: Sculptures from the North Palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh
(668-627 B.C.). London.
Barnett, R. / Bleibtreu, E. et al. 1998: The Sculptures from the South-West Palace
of Sennacherib at Nineveh. London.
Barnett, R. / Falkner, M. 1962: The Sculptures of Aššur-Nasir-Apli II (883-859 B.
C.), Tiglath-Pileser III (745-727 B.C.), Esarhaddon (682-669 B.C.) from the
Central and South-West Palaces at Nimrud. London.
Bayliss, M. 1973: “The Cult of Dead Kin in Assyria and Babylonia”, Iraq 35:
115-125.
Bellucci, N. / Bortolussi, L. 2014: “Thetati in the Roman Military Papyri: an
Inquiry on Soldiers Killed in Battle”, Aegyptus 94: 75-82.
Bengt, T. 2001: Armour from the Batttle of Wisby: 1361. Union City.
Bloch-Smith, E. 1992: Judahite Burial Practices and Beliefs about the Dead.
Sheffield.
Cassel. J. 1865. Cassell’s Illustrated History of England, Vol. VI. London.
Cassin, E. 1990: “Le mort: valeur et représentation en Mésopotamie ancienne”. In
G. Gnoli / J. P. Vernant (eds.): La mort, les morts dans les sociétés anciennes.
Paris: 355-372.
Chisholm, H. “Craufurd, Robert”. In: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.
Cambridge: 382-383.
Clay A. 1915: Miscellaneous Inscriptions in the Yale Babylonian Collection. New
Haven.
De Backer, F. 2009: “Cruelty and Military Refinements”, Res Antiquae 6: 13-50.
De Backer, F. 2010: “Fragmentation of the Enemies in the Ancient Near East during the NeoAssyrian Period”. In A. Michaels (ed.): Ritual Dynamics. Usurpation Ritual. Vol. III: State, Power and Violence. Wiesbaden: 393-412.
De Backer, F. 2013: L’art du siège néo-assyrien. Leiden.
De Backer, F. 2017: “Les Assyriens à Edeli: Vie privée et activités publiques”. R. De Boer /
J. Dercksen (eds.): Private and State in the Ancient Near East. Proceedings of
the 58th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale at Leiden, 16-20 July 2012,
Winona Lake: 157-172.
De Backer, F. 2020: “Go Tell the Assyrians, Thou Who Passest By, That Here We Lie,
Obedient to their Laws”, Historiae 17: 25-91.
De Backer, F. forthcoming a: “Le roi assyrien est Apsû. Tout baigne dans l’huile”. 12th
ICAANE.
De Backer, F. forthcoming b: “ki.si.ga kispu(m): A Tribute to Hamiš ‘Get Out or Die
Trying’”.
De Backer, F. forthcoming c: “The Battle of Qarqar: The ‘Thin Red Streak Tipped with a
Line of Steel’”.
Deller, K. H. 1987: “The Sealed Burial Chamber”, State Archives of Assyria
Bulletin I/2: 69-71.
Dewar, B. 2017: “Rebellion, Sargon II’s « Punishment » and the Death of Aššurnādin-šumi in the Inscriptions of Sennacherib”, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History 3: 25-38.
Dorflinger, M. 2017: Death Was Their Co-Pilot: Aces of the Skies. Oxford.
Dothan, M. 1971: Ashdod II-III. The Second and Third Seasons of Excavations
1963, 1965 Soundings in 1967. Jerusalem.
Ferreri, S. 2015: Cremation Burials in North Mesopotamia in the First
Millennium BC: Evidence of social differentiation in the Assyrian Empire?
Cambridge.
Gannal J. N. 1841: Histoire des embaumements et de la préparation des pièces
d’anatomie normale, d’anatomie pathologique et d’histoire naturelle, suivie
de procédés nouveaux. Paris.
Gichard, M. 1999: “Les aspects religieux de la guerre à Mari”, Revue
d’Assyriologie et d’Archéologie Orientale 93: 44-46.
Hass, N. 1963: “Human Skeletal Remains in Two Burial Caves”, Israel
Exploration Journal 13: 93-96.
Hass, N. 1971: “Anthropological Observations on the Human Remains found in Area
D”. In M. Dothan: Ashdod II-III. The Second and Third Seasons of
Excavations 1963, 1965 Soundings in 1967. Jerusalem: 212-213.
Hays, C. 2011: A Covenant with Death. Death in the Iron Age II and Its Rhetorical
Use in Proto-Isaiah. Tübingen.
King, L. 1915: Bronze Reliefs from the Gates of Shalmaneser King of Assyria B.C.
860-825. London.
Langdon, S. 2008: Art and Identity in Dark Age Greece, 1100-700 B. C.
Cambridge.
Larrey, D. J. 1817: Mémoires de Chirurgie Militaire et Campagnes du Baron D.
J. Larrey, t. II. Paris.
McGinnis, J. 1987: “A Neo-Assyrian Text Describing a Royal Funeral”, State
Archives of Assyria Bulletin 1/1: 1-12.
McPherson, J. M. 1991: Black Soldiers in Blue: African-American Troops in the
Civil War Era. Paris.
Madelon, A. 2010: Thanatomorphose et rites funéraires. Lyon.
Moore, M. 2007: “Athens 803 and the Ekphora”, Antike Kunst 50: 9-23.
Mutton, K. 2011: Scattered Skeletons in Our Closet. Kempton.
Olyan, S. 2011: Social Inequality in the World of the Text: The Significance of
Ritual and Social Distinction in the Hebrew Bible. Göttingen.
Petrie, M. F. 1896: A History of Egypt during the XVIIth and XVIIIth dynasties.
London.
Pichette, J. P. 2001: Entre Beauce et Acadie: facettes d’un parcours ethnologique.
Études offertes au Professeur Jean-Claude Dupont. Québec.
Potts, D. 1999: The Archaeology of Elam. Formation and Transformation of an
Ancient Iranian State. Cambridge.
Richardson, S. 2007: “Death and Dismemberment in Mesopotamia.
Discorporation Between the Body and Body Politics”. In N. Laneri (ed.):
Performing Death. Social Analyses of Funerary Traditions in the Ancient
Near East and Mediterranean. Chicago: 189-208.
Rigeade, C. 2008: “Approche archéo-anthropologique des inhumations
militaires”, Socioanthropologie 22: 1-9.
Rolle, R. 1989: The World of the Scythians. Berkeley / Los Angeles.
Saïd Ahmed, S. 1968: Southern Mesopotamia in the Time of Ashurbanipal. The
Hague / Paris.
Smith, G. E. 1912: Catalogue Général des Antiquités Égyptiennes du Musée du
Caire. N° 61051-61100. The Royal Mummies. Le Caire.
Suriano, M. 2010: The Politics of Dead Kings. Dynastic ancestors in the book of
kings and ancient Israel. Tübingen.
Tadmor, H. / Landsberger, B. / Parpola, S. 2001: “The Sin of Sargon and
Sennacherib’s Last Will”, State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 3: 3-51.
Thompson, T. 2015: The Archaeology of Cremation: Burned Human Remains in
Funerary Studies. Oxford.
Tsukimoto, A. 2007: “The Netherworld and ‘Care of Dead’ in Ancient
Mesopotamia”, Journal of West Asian Archaeology 8: 1-10.
Tsukimoto, A. 2010: “Peace for the Dead, or kispu(m) Again”, Orient XLV: 101-109.
Ussishkin, D. 1982: The Conquest of Lachish by Sennacherib. Tel-Aviv.
Vogel, C. 2003: “Fallen heroes?-Winlock’s ‘slain soldiers’ reconsidered”, Journal
Egyptian Archaeology 89: 239-245.
Wallis-Budge, E. 1914: Reign of Ashur-Nasir-Pal, 885-860 B.C. London.
Westenholz, A. 1970: “berūtum, damtum and Old Akkadian KI.GAL: Burial of
dead enemies in Ancient Mesopotamia”, Archiv für Orientforschung 23: 27-
31.
Westerhof, D. 2008: Death and the Noble Body in Medieval England. Woodbridge.
Winbolt, S. 2018: England and Napoleon. Frankfurt am Main.
Winlock, H. 1945: The Slain Soldiers of Neb-hep-et-Rē'Mentu-hotpe. New York.
Zerbo, S. et alii, 2010: “Radiology for Postmortem”. In G. Lo Re et alii (ed.):
Radiology in Forensic Medicine. From Identification to Post-Mortem
Imaging. Cham: 265-272.
Altaweel, M. 2016: Nimrud. The Queens’ Tombs. Baghdad / Chicago.
Barnett, R. 1976: Sculptures from the North Palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh
(668-627 B.C.). London.
Barnett, R. / Bleibtreu, E. et al. 1998: The Sculptures from the South-West Palace
of Sennacherib at Nineveh. London.
Barnett, R. / Falkner, M. 1962: The Sculptures of Aššur-Nasir-Apli II (883-859 B.
C.), Tiglath-Pileser III (745-727 B.C.), Esarhaddon (682-669 B.C.) from the
Central and South-West Palaces at Nimrud. London.
Bayliss, M. 1973: “The Cult of Dead Kin in Assyria and Babylonia”, Iraq 35:
115-125.
Bellucci, N. / Bortolussi, L. 2014: “Thetati in the Roman Military Papyri: an
Inquiry on Soldiers Killed in Battle”, Aegyptus 94: 75-82.
Bengt, T. 2001: Armour from the Batttle of Wisby: 1361. Union City.
Bloch-Smith, E. 1992: Judahite Burial Practices and Beliefs about the Dead.
Sheffield.
Cassel. J. 1865. Cassell’s Illustrated History of England, Vol. VI. London.
Cassin, E. 1990: “Le mort: valeur et représentation en Mésopotamie ancienne”. In
G. Gnoli / J. P. Vernant (eds.): La mort, les morts dans les sociétés anciennes.
Paris: 355-372.
Chisholm, H. “Craufurd, Robert”. In: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed.
Cambridge: 382-383.
Clay A. 1915: Miscellaneous Inscriptions in the Yale Babylonian Collection. New
Haven.
De Backer, F. 2009: “Cruelty and Military Refinements”, Res Antiquae 6: 13-50.
De Backer, F. 2010: “Fragmentation of the Enemies in the Ancient Near East during the NeoAssyrian Period”. In A. Michaels (ed.): Ritual Dynamics. Usurpation Ritual. Vol. III: State, Power and Violence. Wiesbaden: 393-412.
De Backer, F. 2013: L’art du siège néo-assyrien. Leiden.
De Backer, F. 2017: “Les Assyriens à Edeli: Vie privée et activités publiques”. R. De Boer /
J. Dercksen (eds.): Private and State in the Ancient Near East. Proceedings of
the 58th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale at Leiden, 16-20 July 2012,
Winona Lake: 157-172.
De Backer, F. 2020: “Go Tell the Assyrians, Thou Who Passest By, That Here We Lie,
Obedient to their Laws”, Historiae 17: 25-91.
De Backer, F. forthcoming a: “Le roi assyrien est Apsû. Tout baigne dans l’huile”. 12th
ICAANE.
De Backer, F. forthcoming b: “ki.si.ga kispu(m): A Tribute to Hamiš ‘Get Out or Die
Trying’”.
De Backer, F. forthcoming c: “The Battle of Qarqar: The ‘Thin Red Streak Tipped with a
Line of Steel’”.
Deller, K. H. 1987: “The Sealed Burial Chamber”, State Archives of Assyria
Bulletin I/2: 69-71.
Dewar, B. 2017: “Rebellion, Sargon II’s « Punishment » and the Death of Aššurnādin-šumi in the Inscriptions of Sennacherib”, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History 3: 25-38.
Dorflinger, M. 2017: Death Was Their Co-Pilot: Aces of the Skies. Oxford.
Dothan, M. 1971: Ashdod II-III. The Second and Third Seasons of Excavations
1963, 1965 Soundings in 1967. Jerusalem.
Ferreri, S. 2015: Cremation Burials in North Mesopotamia in the First
Millennium BC: Evidence of social differentiation in the Assyrian Empire?
Cambridge.
Gannal J. N. 1841: Histoire des embaumements et de la préparation des pièces
d’anatomie normale, d’anatomie pathologique et d’histoire naturelle, suivie
de procédés nouveaux. Paris.
Gichard, M. 1999: “Les aspects religieux de la guerre à Mari”, Revue
d’Assyriologie et d’Archéologie Orientale 93: 44-46.
Hass, N. 1963: “Human Skeletal Remains in Two Burial Caves”, Israel
Exploration Journal 13: 93-96.
Hass, N. 1971: “Anthropological Observations on the Human Remains found in Area
D”. In M. Dothan: Ashdod II-III. The Second and Third Seasons of
Excavations 1963, 1965 Soundings in 1967. Jerusalem: 212-213.
Hays, C. 2011: A Covenant with Death. Death in the Iron Age II and Its Rhetorical
Use in Proto-Isaiah. Tübingen.
King, L. 1915: Bronze Reliefs from the Gates of Shalmaneser King of Assyria B.C.
860-825. London.
Langdon, S. 2008: Art and Identity in Dark Age Greece, 1100-700 B. C.
Cambridge.
Larrey, D. J. 1817: Mémoires de Chirurgie Militaire et Campagnes du Baron D.
J. Larrey, t. II. Paris.
McGinnis, J. 1987: “A Neo-Assyrian Text Describing a Royal Funeral”, State
Archives of Assyria Bulletin 1/1: 1-12.
McPherson, J. M. 1991: Black Soldiers in Blue: African-American Troops in the
Civil War Era. Paris.
Madelon, A. 2010: Thanatomorphose et rites funéraires. Lyon.
Moore, M. 2007: “Athens 803 and the Ekphora”, Antike Kunst 50: 9-23.
Mutton, K. 2011: Scattered Skeletons in Our Closet. Kempton.
Olyan, S. 2011: Social Inequality in the World of the Text: The Significance of
Ritual and Social Distinction in the Hebrew Bible. Göttingen.
Petrie, M. F. 1896: A History of Egypt during the XVIIth and XVIIIth dynasties.
London.
Pichette, J. P. 2001: Entre Beauce et Acadie: facettes d’un parcours ethnologique.
Études offertes au Professeur Jean-Claude Dupont. Québec.
Potts, D. 1999: The Archaeology of Elam. Formation and Transformation of an
Ancient Iranian State. Cambridge.
Richardson, S. 2007: “Death and Dismemberment in Mesopotamia.
Discorporation Between the Body and Body Politics”. In N. Laneri (ed.):
Performing Death. Social Analyses of Funerary Traditions in the Ancient
Near East and Mediterranean. Chicago: 189-208.
Rigeade, C. 2008: “Approche archéo-anthropologique des inhumations
militaires”, Socioanthropologie 22: 1-9.
Rolle, R. 1989: The World of the Scythians. Berkeley / Los Angeles.
Saïd Ahmed, S. 1968: Southern Mesopotamia in the Time of Ashurbanipal. The
Hague / Paris.
Smith, G. E. 1912: Catalogue Général des Antiquités Égyptiennes du Musée du
Caire. N° 61051-61100. The Royal Mummies. Le Caire.
Suriano, M. 2010: The Politics of Dead Kings. Dynastic ancestors in the book of
kings and ancient Israel. Tübingen.
Tadmor, H. / Landsberger, B. / Parpola, S. 2001: “The Sin of Sargon and
Sennacherib’s Last Will”, State Archives of Assyria Bulletin 3: 3-51.
Thompson, T. 2015: The Archaeology of Cremation: Burned Human Remains in
Funerary Studies. Oxford.
Tsukimoto, A. 2007: “The Netherworld and ‘Care of Dead’ in Ancient
Mesopotamia”, Journal of West Asian Archaeology 8: 1-10.
Tsukimoto, A. 2010: “Peace for the Dead, or kispu(m) Again”, Orient XLV: 101-109.
Ussishkin, D. 1982: The Conquest of Lachish by Sennacherib. Tel-Aviv.
Vogel, C. 2003: “Fallen heroes?-Winlock’s ‘slain soldiers’ reconsidered”, Journal
Egyptian Archaeology 89: 239-245.
Wallis-Budge, E. 1914: Reign of Ashur-Nasir-Pal, 885-860 B.C. London.
Westenholz, A. 1970: “berūtum, damtum and Old Akkadian KI.GAL: Burial of
dead enemies in Ancient Mesopotamia”, Archiv für Orientforschung 23: 27-
31.
Westerhof, D. 2008: Death and the Noble Body in Medieval England. Woodbridge.
Winbolt, S. 2018: England and Napoleon. Frankfurt am Main.
Winlock, H. 1945: The Slain Soldiers of Neb-hep-et-Rē'Mentu-hotpe. New York.
Zerbo, S. et alii, 2010: “Radiology for Postmortem”. In G. Lo Re et alii (ed.):
Radiology in Forensic Medicine. From Identification to Post-Mortem
Imaging. Cham: 265-272.
Articles més llegits del mateix autor/a
- Fabrice de Backer, “Ce fameux bâton qu’on a dans sa giberne”: So you want to be an Assyrian Officer? , Historiae: Núm. 12 (2015)