The role of economic policy and foreign investment: product innovation in the Spanish metalgraphic industry (1959-1975)

The stabilization and liberalization of the Spanish economy, a period of external openness and structural change stimulated the process of rationalization of canning processes. The penetration of foreign capital and companies with more efficient technologies than those existing in Spain led to far-reaching changes in canning techniques. In this regard, we show how changes in economic policy and foreign direct investment can lead to sectoral and industrial structure upgrading. This article focuses on the manufacture of metal packaging, specifically on the so-called "liquid rubber", a key input for the automation of its production and the tightness of its closure. A successful case of imitation of foreign techniques and adaptation to the characteristics of the Spanish market, but also of linkage to the international packaging oligopoly and internationalization.