Rússia, entre la tradició ortodoxa i la Revolució soviètica

In this article the authors review the great stages of Russian history that has
gone through different historic moments, represented by Kiev, Moscow, and Saint
Petersburg, in a long process in which it has been shown that Russian identity
oscillates between westernisation and Slavic assertion. Besides, this dynamic became
clear after the Napoleonic invasion (1812) and the Crimean War (1854-56), which
led to Russian defeat and a bolstering of its idiosyncrasy, whereby the role of orthodox
religion and literature was promoted which gave rise to a spiritual revival (Soloviov,
Berdiàiev). All in all, the revolution that broke out in 1917 brought about the irruption
of a new cultural and pedagogical vision that was subject to the Soviet principles that
limited the capacity for action of such a figure of reference as was Anatoli Lunatxarski,
the People?s Commissar of Public Instruction. Meanwhile, the current situation of
Russia is illustrated through this historic phenomenology in which orthodox religion,
messianic spirituality, and nationalism make up a mental universe that consolidates
the projection of Pan-Slavism in Eastern Europe.