La metàfora multimodal i la representación de la malaltia: estudi semiòtic del VIH a Píldoras azules, de Frederik Peeters

Main Article Content

Fernando Candón Ríos

Aquest estudi analitza la metàfora multimodal a Píldoras azules (2001), de Frederik Peeters. La novel·la gràfica, de caràcter memorialístic, narra la relació de l’autor amb la seva parella i el fill d’aquesta, tots dos convivint amb el VIH. A partir dels plantejaments de Charles Forceville, s’examinen tres metàfores vinculades a l’ansietat, la culpa i la por al contagi. Es demostra com text i imatge interactuen per representar emocions associades al virus. L’anàlisi revela una evolució en la percepció del VIH: de la condemna i l’estigma a una condició crònica. L’edició ampliada del 2013 reforça aquesta transició en incorporar una mirada més despreocupada, d’acord amb el paradigma «postsida». Així, l’obra contribueix a una pedagogia afectiva del VIH en el context europeu contemporani.

Paraules clau
Metàfores multimodals, semiòtica , VIH , sida, novel·les gràfiques

Article Details

Com citar
Candón Ríos, Fernando. «La metàfora multimodal i la representación de la malaltia: estudi semiòtic del VIH a Píldoras azules, de Frederik Peeters». 452ºF: revista de teoría de la literatura y literatura comparada, 2025, núm. 33, p. 126-47, doi:10.1344/452f.2025.33.8.
Referències

ARON, J. P. (1988): Mon SIDA, París: Christian Bourgois.

BAETENS, J.; FREY, H. (2015): The Graphic Novel: An Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139177849

BASU, A.; et al. (2022):Post-AIDS Discourse in Health Communication: Sociocultural Interpretations, Nueva York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003000945

BROWN A.; et al. (2018): «Towards elimination of HIV transmission, AIDS and HIV-related deaths in the UK», HIV Medicine, vol. 19, 8, 505–512. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12617

CHENG, J. et al. (2020): AIDS and the Distribution of Crises, Durham: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478009269

CHUTE, H. (2010): Graphic Women: Life Narrative and Contemporary Comics, Nueva York: Columbia University Press.

COPI (1988): Une visite inopportune, París: Christian Bourgois.

COUSER, G. (1997): Recovering Bodies: Illness, Disability, and Life Writing, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press.

CZERWIEC, M. K.; et al. (2015): Graphic Medicine Manifesto, Pennsylvania: Penn State University Press.

EAKIN, P. J. (1992): Touching the World: Reference in Autobiography, Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400820641

FASSIN, D. (2004): Afflictions: L’Afrique du Sud de l’apartheid au sida, París: Karthala.

FASSIN, D. (2006): Quand les corps se souviennent: Expériences et politiques du sida en Afrique du Sud, París: La Découverte. https://doi.org/10.3917/dec.fassi.2006.01.0009

FORCEVILLE, C. (2006): «Non-verb al and multimodal metaphor in a cognitivist framework: Agendas for research» en Kristiansen G., Achard M., Dirven R. y Ruiz de Mendoza Ibàñez F. (eds.), Cognitive Linguistics: Current Applications and Future Perspectives, Berlin/Nueva York: Mouton de Gruyter, 379-402. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197761.5.379

FORCEVILLE, C. (2007): «Multimodal metaphor in ten Dutch TV commercials», Public Journal of Semiotics, vol. 1, 1, 15-34. https://doi.org/10.37693/pjos.2007.1.8812

FORCEVILLE, C. (2009): «The role of non-verbal soundand music in multimodal metaphor» en Forceville C. y Urios-Aparisi, E. (eds.), Multimodal Metaphor, Berlín: Walter de Gruyter, 383-400. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110215366

FORCEVILLE, C. y URIOS-APARISI. E. (eds) (2009): Multimodal metaphor. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110215366

FOUCAULT, M. (2007): Historia de la sexualidad I: La voluntad de saber, México D.F.: Siglo XXI, 1976.

GEFFEN, N. (2010): Debunking Delusions: The Inside Story of the Treatment Action Campaign, Ciudad del Cabo: Jacana Media.

GILBERT L, WALKER L. (2009): «They (ARVs) are my life, without them I am nothing’ – Experiences of Patients attending a HIV/AIDS Clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa», Health and Place, vol. 15, 4, 1123-1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.06.006

GOYTISOLO, J. (1988): Las virtudes del pájaro solitario, Madrid: Alfaguara.

GROENSTEEN, T. (1999): Système de la bande dessinée, París: Presses Universitaires de France.

GUIBERT, H. (1990): À l’ami qui ne m’a pas sauvé la vie, París: Gallimard.

HARO IBARS, E. (1991): Intersecciones, Madrid: Libertarias.

HOFFMAN, W. M. (1985): As Is, Nueva York: Dramatists Play Service.

HOFFMAN, W. M. (1986): La última luna menguante, Manuel Larreta (trad.), Madrid: MK ediciones.

HOLME, R. (2003): Mind, metaphor and language teaching, Luxemburgo: Springer.KRAMER, L. (1985): The Normal Heart, Nueva York: New American Library.

KRAMER, L. (1988): Just say no: A play about a farce, Nueva York: St. Martin’s Press.

LAKOFF, G.; JOHNSON, M. (1980): Metaphors We Live By, Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press.

LEAVITT, D. (1994): Un lugar en el que nunca he estado, Barcelona: Anagrama, 1990.

LEONE D.; et al. (2016): «Illness Representations of HIV Positive Patients Are Associated with Virologic Success», Front Psychol, 7, s.n. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01991

MARÍAS, J. (1989): Todas las almas, Barcelona: Anagrama.

MARS-JONES, A.; WHITE, E. (1987): The Darker Proof: Stories from a Crisis, Londres: Faber & Faber.

MAZANDERANI, F; PAPARINI, S. (2015): «The Stories We Tell: Qualitative Research Interviews, Talking Technologies and the “normalisation” of Life with HIV», Social Science and Medicine, vol. 131, 66-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.02.041

MOLINA FOIX, V. (1991): «Las obras del SIDA. La literatura de la enfermedad», Sidapress, 3, 19-28.

MONETTE, P. (1988): Borrowed Time: An AIDS Memoir, San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

NATTRASS, N. (2003): The Moral Economy of AIDS in South Africa, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511550454

NATTRASS, N. (2007): AIDS Denialism and the Struggle for Antiretrovirals in South Africa, Scottsville: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.

NATTRASS, N. (2013): The AIDS Conspiracy: Science Fights Back, Nueva York: Columbia University Press. https://doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231149136.001.0001

PATTON, C. (1990): Inventing AIDS, Nueva York: Routledge.

PEARL, M. B. (2013): AIDS Literature and Gay Identity: The Literature of Loss, Nueva York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203098615

PEETERS, F. (2001): Píldoras azules, Ginebra: Atrabile.

PEETERS, F. (2004): Píldoras azules, Bilbao: Astiberri.

PEETERS, F. (2023): Píldoras azules, Bilbao: Astiberri.

PERSSON, A. (2013): «Non/infectious Corporealities: Tensions in the Biomedical Era of ‘HIV normalisation’», Sociology of Health and Illness, vol. 35, 1065-1079. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12023

ROFES, E. (1998): Dry bones breathe: Gay men creating post-AIDS identities and cultures. Nueva York: Harrington Park Press.

SHITS, R. (1985): And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic, Nueva York: St. Martin’s Press.

SONTAG, S. (1988): AIDS and Its Metaphors, Nueva York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

SONTAG, S. (1996): La enfermedad y sus metáforas. El sida y sus metáforas, Madrid: Taurus.

STEINBERG, J. (2008): Three Letter Plague: A Young Man’s Journey Through a Great Epidemic, Johannesburgo: Jonathan Ball Publishers.

TREICHLER, P.A. (1999): How to Have Theory in an Epidemic: Cultural Chronicles of AIDS, Durham/Londres: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822396963

VILLACAÑAS, B.; WHITE, M. (2013): «Pictorial metonymy as creativity source in “Purificación García” advertising campaigns», Metaphorical creativity across modes: Special issue of Metaphor and the Social World, vol.3, 2, 220–239. https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.3.2.06vil

WALKER, L. (2020): «Problematising the Discourse of “Post-AIDS”», J Med Humanit, vol. 41, 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-017-9433-9

WATNEY, S. (1994): Practices of Freedom: Selected Writings on HIV/AIDS, Londres: Rivers Oram Press.

WATNEY, S. (2000): Imagine Hope: AIDS and Gay Identity, Londres: Routledge.

WHITE, M.; EPSTON, D. (1990): Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends, Nueva York: Norton.

WHITESIDE, A; STRAUSS, M. (2014): «The End of AIDS: Possibility or Pipe Dream? A Tale of Transitions», African Journal of AIDS Research, vol. 13, 2, 101-108. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2014.927780

WHITESIDE A. (2015): «The Key Question in the AIDS Epidemic in 2015», Review of African Political Economy, vol. 42, 145, 455-466.WHITLOCK, G. (2000): The Intimate Empire: Autobiography and American Imperialism, Londres: Cassell. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2015.1064371

WHITLOCK, G. (2006): «Autographics: The Seeing ‘I’ of the Comics», Modern Fiction Studies, vol. 52, 4, 965-979. https://doi.org/10.1353/mfs.2007.0013