¿Quiénes han sido los traductores más felices? una defensa del pluralismo metodológico en la historia de la traducción

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Samuel López-Alcalá
Brigham Young University. Department of Spanish and Portuguese
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2274-9165

El presente artículo teórico es un análisis crítico de varios aspectos troncales de teoría de la historia de la Traducción debatidos recientemente por los historiadores de la materia. Dichos debates metodológicos y filosóficos abordan aspectos fundamentales de la disciplina (como las prioridades epistémicas en la investigación histórica, el lugar de las teorías de la traducción en la narración historiográfica y el asunto anejo de los grupos de lectores a los que se destina la historiografía de la traducción), y constituyen aportaciones valiosísimas al status quaestionis de la reflexión metodológica en la disciplina. Dicho esto, mi tesis aquí es que dichas propuestas metodológicas conllevan ciertos problemas que clasifico jerárquicamente en un primer y un segundo orden, en función de la relevancia epistemológica que percibo en ellos. Mi objeción principal enlaza en parte con lo que Paul Roth califica de «exclusivismo metodológico» (Roth, 1987), entendido en este trabajo como la noción de que existe un único método idóneo para hacer historia de la traducción. Basándome en Roth, abogo por la postura epistémica contraria, a saber, el «pluralismo metodológico», cuyo sentido más elemental es la negación del exclusivismo. Sostengo que el exclusivismo metodológico es injustificable y que tiene el potencial de limitar gravemente la libertad de investigación en la disciplina y el abanico de opciones del historiador en la búsqueda de conocimiento. Asimismo, entraña el riesgo de fomentar la producción de estructuras explicativas truncadas (McCullagh, 1998).

Palabras clave
Historia de la traducción, Metodología, Exclusivismo, Pluralismo, Explicación histórica, Filosofía de la historia

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