Analisis psicomérico de las Escalas Grit-O y Grit-S en una muestra de universitarios limeños
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El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la evidencia psicométrica de la Escala de Perseverancia (Grit Scale) en sus dos versiones, ya que son los instrumentos más ampliamente utilizados para medir este constructo. Se seleccionaron un total de 5417 estudiantes universitarios de Lima por conveniencia, con un primer grupo compuesto por 4417 estudiantes, en su mayoría mujeres (52.6%), cuyas edades oscilan entre 16 y 35 años. La estructura interna de ambas escalas se analizó mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se encontró que la Grit-S era una medida más coherente y parsimoniosa (CFI = .98, TLI = .97, RMSEA = .08 [.07-.09]) que la Grit-O (CFI = .87, TLI = .84, RMSEA = .12 [.11-.13]); en ambas versiones, se corrobora parcialmente la existencia de un factor general que explica la varianza de los factores específicos CI y PE (Grit-O; LCS = .42; H = .84; FD = .87; Grit-S; LCS = .38; H = .73 y FD = .80). Con un segundo grupo (n = 1000), se encontró que las puntuaciones de la Grit-S presentaban correlaciones estadísticamente significativas con la autoeficacia académica (r = .45**), el optimismo (r = .40**), la mentalidad de crecimiento (r = .23**) y la mentalidad fija (r = -.23). La fiabilidad de ambas escalas fue aceptable. En conclusión, la Grit-S es una medida más confiable que la Grit-O, y se identificó la existencia de un factor general, lo cual es consistente con el modelo teórico subyacente al instrumento.
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