Falsificación etnográfica en los Historiadores Perdidos de Alejandro El caso de los 'Arimaspos'

Main Article Content

Vasileios Liotsakis

Este estudio establece algunos vínculos entre la tendencia de los primeros historiadores de Alejandro a falsificar datos geográficos y etnográficos y el cambio de nombre de los ariaspianos iraníes a Arimaspi. El artículo se organiza en dos secciones. En primer lugar, se explican las razones por las que este cambio de nombre debería atribuirse razonablemente a los primeros historiadores de Alejandro y no a autores posteriores. En segundo lugar, se argumenta que el cambio de nombre posiblemente fue orquestado por el propio Alejandro durante la estancia de su ejército en territorio ariaspiano en el invierno del 330/329 a. C. Para respaldar esta perspectiva, se presentan las similitudes que estos autores debieron discernir entre los míticos Arimaspos y los ariaspianos iraníes, similitudes que deberían haberles inspirado a proceder con esta identificación entre ambos pueblos.

Palabras clave
Alejandro Magno, ariaspianos, arimaspos, primeros historiadores de Alejandro, etnografía, geografía, mito e historia, propaganda

Article Details

Cómo citar
Liotsakis, Vasileios. «Falsificación etnográfica en los Historiadores Perdidos de Alejandro: El caso de los ’Arimaspos’». Karanos. Bulletin of Ancient Macedonian Studies, 2025, vol.VOL 8, pp. 47-61, doi:10.5565/rev/karanos.150.
Citas

ATKINSON, J. E. (1980): A Commentary on Q. Curtius Rufus’ Historiae Alexandri Magni Books 3 and 4, Amsterdam. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004663794

BADIAN, E. (1964): “Alexander the Great and the Loneliness of Power”, in E. BADIAN: Studies in Greek and Roman History, Oxford.

BELOCH, K. J. (1922-1925): Griechische Geschichte, vols. III 1 & IV 1, Berlin.

BERNHARDT, R. (1988): “Zu den Verhandlungen zwischen Dareios und Alexander nach der Schlacht bei Issos”, Chiron 18: 181-198.

BICHLER, R. (2013): “Ein merkwürdiger Fall von Euergesie: Alexander der Grosse und die Geschichte von Kzros und den Arimaspen”, in R. BREITWIESER – M. FRASS – G. NIGHTINGALE (eds.): Calamus. Festschrift für Herbert Grassl zum 65. Geburtstag, Wiesbaden: 51-62. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110871777-014

BICHLER, R. (2018): “On the Traces of Onesicritus: Some Historiographical Aspects of Alexander’s Indian Campaign”, in K. NAWOTKA – R. ROLLINGER – J. WIESEHÖFER – A. WOJCIECHOWSKA (eds.): The Historiography of Alexander the Great, Wiesbaden: 51-69. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh4zf3s.7

BOLTON, J. D. P. (1962): Aristeas of Proconnesus, Oxford.

BOSWORTH, A. B. (1976): “Arrian and the Alexander Vulgate”, in E. BADIAN – D. VAN BERCHEM – B. GRANGE (eds.): Alexandre le Grand. Image et réalité, Vandoeuvres, Geneva: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x00228552

BOSWORTH, A. B. (1976b): “Errors in Arrian”, CQ 26: 117-39.

BOSWORTH, A. B. (1980): A Historical Commentary on Arrian’s History of Alexander. Vol. I, Oxford.

BOSWORTH, A. B. (1988a), From Arrian to Alexander. Studies in Historical Interpretation, Oxford.

BOSWORTH, A. B. (1988b), Conquest and Empire. The Reign of Alexander the Great, Cambridge.

BURY, J. B. (19513): A History of Greece to the Death of Alexander the Great, London.

DALTON, O. M. (1964): The Treasure of the Oxus. With Other Examples of Early Oriental Metal-Work, London.

DEGEN, J. (2022): “Source and Criticism: Traces of Alexander's 'Official Language' in the Anabasis”, in R. ROLLINGER – J. DEGEN (eds.): The World of Alexander in Perspective. Contextualizing Arrian, Wiesbaden: 25-72. https://doi.org/10.13173/9783447119085.025

DJURSLEV, C. T. (2024), “Callisthenes, Chares, Nearchus, Onesicritus and the Mystrery of the Royal Journals”, in D. OGDEN (ed.): The Cambridge Companion to Alexander the Great, Cambridge–New York, 406-421. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108888349.026

DROYSEN, J. G. (1833): Geschichte Alexanders des Grossen, Gotha.

FISCHER, K. (1967): “Zur Lage von Kandahar an Landverbindungen zwischen Iran und Indien”, BJ 167: 129-232.

GILHAUS, L. (2017): Fragmente der Historiker. Die Alexanderhistoriker (FGrHist 117-153), Stuttgart.

GNOLI, G. (1967): Ricerche storiche sul Sīstān antico, Rome.

GREEN, P. (1991): Alexander of Macedon, 356-323 B.C. A Historical Biography, Berkeley–Los Angeles–Oxford.

HAMILTON, J. R. (1973): Alexander the Great, London.

HAMMOND, N. G. L. (1983): Three Historians of Alexander the Great, the So-Called Vulgate Authors. Diodorus, Justin, Curtius, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.2307/1088517

HECKEL, W. (2008): The Conquests of Alexander the Great, Cambridge–New York.

HECKEL, W. (2009): “A King and His Army”, in W. HECKEL – L. A. TRITLE (eds.): Alexander the Great. A New History, Chichester: 69-82.

JONES, T. B. (1934): “Alexander and the Winter of 330-329 BC”, The Classical Weekly 28: 124-125.

KUCH, H. (2013): “Nonkonformisten: Griechen bei Archelaos in Makedonien”, AantHung 53: 361-369. https://doi.org/10.1556/aant.53.2013.4.2

LAUDIEN, C. F. (1874): Ueber die Quellen zur Geschichte Alexanders des Grossen in Diodor, Curtius und Plutarch, Königsberg.

LEHMANN, G. A. (2015): Alexander der Grosse und die “Freiheit der Hellenen”. Studien zu der antiken historiographischen Überlieferung und den Inschriften der Alexander-Ära, Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110408324

LEON, D. W. (2021): Arrian the Historian. Writing the Greek Past in the Roman Empire, Austin. https://doi.org/10.7560/321867

LIOTSAKIS, V. (2019): Alexander the Great in Arrian’s Anabasis. A Literary Portrait, Berlin / Boston. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110659979

LIOTSAKIS, V. (2022): “How to Satisfy Everyone: Diverse Readerly Expectations and Multiple Authorial Personae in Arrian’s Anabasis”, in M. BAUMANN – V. LIOTSAKIS (eds.): Reading History in the Roman Empire, Berlin–Boston: 193–221. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110764062-011

LIOTSAKIS, V. (2024): “Patterns of Religious Content and Narrative Arrangement in Arrian’s Anabasis of Alexander”, Mnemosyne 77: 434-464. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-bja10219

MARSDEN, E. W. (1964): The Campaign of Gaugamela, Liverpool.

MOLINA MARÍN, A. I. (2022): “Alexander the Reader: Herodotus and the Royal House of Macedonia”, in B. ANTELA-BERNÁDEZ – M. MENDOZA (eds.): The Impact of Alexander’s Conquests. Subjects, Conquered and Chroniclers, Alcalá de Henares: 161-175.

MOLINA MARÍN, A. I. (2024): “Emulating Herodotus: Digressions in the First Generation of Alexander Historians”, in M. BAUMANN – V. LIOTSAKIS (eds.): Digressions in Classical Historiography, Berlin–Boston: 73-92. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111320908-004

MÜLLER, S. (2003): Maßnahmen der Herrschaftssicherung gegenüber der makedonischen Opposition bei Alexander dem Großen, Frankfurt. https://doi.org/10.7767/zrgra.2006.123.1.390

MÜLLER, S. (2011): “Die frühen Perserkönige im kulturellen Gedächtnis der Makedonen und in der Propaganda Alexanders d. Gr.”, Gymnasium 118: 105-133.

MÜLLER, S. (2014): Alexander, Makedonien und Persien, Berlin.

NAWOTKA, K. (2010): Alexander the Great, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne.

PEARSON, L. I. C. (1960): The Lost Histories of Alexander the Great, New York.

PEDECH, P. (1984): Historiens compagnons d’Alexandre, Paris.

POWNALL, F. (2014): “Callisthenes in Africa: The Historian’s Role at Siwah and in the Proskynesis Controversy”, in P. BOSMAN (ed.), Alexander in Africa, Pretoria: 56-71.

POWNALL, F. (2024): “Ptolemy and Aristobulus”, in D. OGDEN (ed.): The Cambridge Companion to Alexander the Great, Cambridge / New York: 379-391. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108888349.024

PRANDI, L. (1985): Callistene: Uno storico tra Aristotele e i re macedoni, Milan.

PRANDI, L. (1996), Fortuna e realtà dell’opera di Clitarco, Stuttgart.

PRANDI, L. (2024), “Clitarchus’ Alexander”, in D. OGDEN (ed.): The Cambridge Companion to Alexander the Great, Cambridge–New York: 392-405. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108888349.025

RHODES, P. J. (2006): A History of the Classical Greek World, 478-323 BC, Chichester.

SCHACHERMEYR, F. (1949): Alexander der Grosse. Ingenium und Macht, Graz.

SCHLOSSER, F. C. (1827): Universalhistorische Uebersicht der Geschichte der alten Wrlt und ihrer Cultur, Frankfurt am Main.

SEIBERT, J. (1972): Alexander der Grosse, Darmstadt.

SISTI, F.; ZAMBRINI, A. (2001): Arriano. Anabasi di Alessandro, vol. I, Milan.

ST. CROIX, M. DE (18042): Examen critique des anciens historiens d’Alexandre-Le-Grand, Paris.

STADTER, P. A. (1980): Arrian of Nicomedia, Chapel Hill.

STRONK, J. P. (2017): Semiramis; Legacy. The History of Persia according to Diodorus of Sicily, Edinburgh. https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474414258.001.0001

TAIETTI, G. D. M. (2016): “Alexander the Great as a Herodotean Persian King”, in K. NAWOTKA – A. WOJIECHOWSKA (eds.): Alexander the Great and the East. History, Art, Tradition, Wiesbaden: 159-177. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvckq3sm.15

TAIETTI, G. D. M. (2022), “Arrian’s Historiae: The Anabasis beyond Military History”, in R. ROLLINGER – J. DEGEN (eds.): The World of Alexander in Perspective. Contextualizing Arrian, Wiesbaden: 189-216. https://doi.org/10.13173/9783447119085.189

TARN, W. W. (1948): Alexander the Great, 2 vols., Cambridge.

ZAMBRINI, A. (2007): “The Historians of Alexander the Great”, in J. MARINCOLA (ed.): A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography, Oxford: 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405185110.ch17

WULFRAM, H. (2016): “Mehr als tausend Worte: nonverbale Kommunikation in den Historiae Alexandri Magni des Curtius Rufus (Buch 3-4)”, in H. WULFRAM – D. MAIRHOFER – S. SCHREINER – G. SIEMONEIT (eds.), Der römische Alexanderhistorikes Curtius RufusÖ Erzähltechnik, Rhetorik, Figurenpsychologie und Rezeption, Vienna: 127-158. https://doi.org/10.1553/0x0032b8fe