Consideracions bioètiques, legals i clíniques en l’ús terapèutic de la psilocibina per a trastorns depressius

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Diego Borbón
Universidad Externado de Colombia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-2105

La psilocibina ha emergit com un possible tractament alternatiu per als trastorns depressius i els casos resistents a teràpies amb psicofàrmacs convencionals. Assajos clínics han reportat millores significatives en la severitat dels símptomes depressius, amb un perfil de seguretat relativament favorable sota supervisió mèdica i acompanyament terapèutic. No obstant això, la complexitat del seu mecanisme d'acció —caracteritzat per efectes psicodèlics, reorganització de xarxes cerebrals i potencials canvis profunds en l'experiència subjectiva— planteja importants reptes legals i d'ètica biomèdica. Aspectes com la necessitat d'un consentiment informat robust, la vulnerabilitat dels pacients davant experiències, al·lucinacions, o dissolució de l'ego, i la supervisió rigorosa dels professionals de la salut, resulten centrals per a garantir el respecte dels drets dels pacients. D'altra banda, l'actual legislació en països com Colòmbia i Espanya limita l'ús de la psilocibina a l'àmbit de la recerca sota excepcionals requisits, imposant barreres a la seva aplicació clínica i terapèutica. Aquest article integra troballes sobre l'eficàcia i la seguretat de la psilocibina per a trastorns depressius amb les consideracions bioètiques i legals associades, assenyalant la importància de protocols acuradament dissenyats, la formació especialitzada dels terapeutes i l'adaptació de la normativa, per a aprofitar de mode responsable el notable potencial terapèutic d'aquesta substància.

Paraules clau
Psilocibina; Psilocybe; Psicodèlics; Depressió; Bioètica; Ètica biomèdica; Dret mèdic.

Article Details

Com citar
Borbón, Diego. «Consideracions bioètiques, legals i clíniques en l’ús terapèutic de la psilocibina per a trastorns depressius». Revista de bioética y derecho, p. 32-54, doi:10.1344/rbd2025.65.49541.
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Aquesta obra està sota una llicència internacional Creative Commons Reconeixement-NoComercial-SenseObraDerivada 4.0.

(c) Diego Borbón, 2025


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Els/les autors/es conserven els drets d'autoria dels articles i autoritzen la Universitat de Barcelona a publicar-los en la seva Revista de Bioética y Derecho i a incloure'ls en els serveis d'indexació i abstracts, bases de dades acadèmiques i repositoris en els quals participa la revista. Els treballs publicats en la Revista de Bioètica i Dret estan sota la llicència Creative Commons Reconeixement-NoComercial-SenseObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional (by-nc-nd 4.0), que permet compartir l'obra amb tercers, sempre que aquests reconeguin la seva autoria, la seva publicació inicial en aquesta revista i les condicions de la llicència. No es permet un ús comercial de l'obra original ni la generació d'obres derivades. 

Biografia de l'autor/a

Diego Borbón, Universidad Externado de Colombia

Docente-Investigador del Centro de Estudios sobre Genética y Derecho, y Director del Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Derecho de la Universidad Externado de Colombia. Stehr-Boldt Fellow del Instituto para la Ética Biomédica y la Historia de la Medicina de la Universidad de Zúrich. 

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