La crisis de asequibilidad en la vivienda de alquiler causas, consecuencias y lecciones de política
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Los problemas de asequibilidad en la vivienda no se restringen ya a las grandes ciudades ni a los hogares de menores ingresos, siendo una realidad particularmente notoria para los que viven de alquiler. La evidencia indica que esta crisis se deriva de varias fuentes, desde las regulaciones en la oferta habitacional, la creciente desigualdad en el ingreso en los países desarrollados, la aparición de nuevas tecnologías relacionadas con alojamiento turístico, hasta las tasas de interés y restricciones al crédito. La falta de vivienda asequible afecta a los individuos, comprometiendo el acceso a la comida, la salud o la educación, en particular en la infancia. En términos agregados, la crisis implica un impacto negativo en el crecimiento económico con consecuencias demográficas. Este artículo repasa las principales medidas que los gobiernos nacionales y locales han adoptado para revertir la situación y su efectividad. En particular, se discute la evidencia teórica y empírica más reciente sobre los controles de alquiler. Entender las causas y las consecuencias detrás de la falta de vivienda asequible es fundamental para proyectar ciudades sostenibles en el futuro.
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