Sex-Related Differences in Physical Determinants of Young High-Performance Tennis Players’ Serve Velocity
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Maximum isometric force-time curve variables are positively related to tennis serve velocity (SV), especially in short time frames and specific movements. This influence could vary depending on gender. For this reason, this study a imed at: a) examining differences between anthropometrics and force-time curve variables in male and female young high-performance tennis players, and b) analyzing associations between these variables and SV. Forty-five players were asked to execute two maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) in joint positions (shoulder internal rotation [SHIR] and shoulder extension [SHE] at 90 degrees) involved in the serve motion. Results indicated significant greater values for males in SV, SHE peak rate of force development (PRFD), SHIR impulse (IMP) 0 to 150 ms and SHE IMP 0 to 150, 200 and 250 ms. Males presented significant correlations between SV, SHIR and SHE MVIC, PRFD, SHIR RFD at 100, 150, 200, 250 ms and SHE RFD at 50 ms. Females showed positive associations between SV, body mass (BM), SHE MVIC, SHIR RFD at 30, 100 and 150 ms, SHIR IMP at 150, 200 and 250 ms and SHE IMP 150, 200 and 250 ms. Males SV seems to rely on maximal absolute and relative strength values, while females SV may be affected to a superior degree by a combination of greater body mass, maximal levels of force production and accumulation in short time frames.
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