Hydrourban spatial development model for a resilient inner-city: the example of Gdańsk

Cities that show signs of both growth and shrinkage and that nevertheless do survive, show tendencies to be resilient. Their development process can be seen as pulsative. The objective of the paper was to demonstrate the links between spatial development and Gdańsk’s hydrological layout—pointing out how the city spatial layout of was determined by the context of water. The results of analyses central districts made it possible to identify three stages of hydrourban evolution: 1) Reconstruction phase (after WW2)—which led to the reinforcement of the east-west development of axis of public space, 2) Transformation phase (after 1989)—which emphasised the new north-south direction of urban development following the freeing up of the river-water system, and 3) Metamorphosis phase (initiated in 21st century)—which assumes the expansion of the hydrourban structure, while taking into account the multi-layered integration of the spatial and functional aspects of the agglomeration with flood prevention and ecological policy. The study allows tracing the relationship between the physical structure and the hydrological system which have led to the development of a rich hydrourban system configuration. The destruction of historical city centre (during WW2) and the later loss of shipyard areas, which constituted a part of the city's identity, provided space for an urban experiment. The research demonstrates changes in the perception of the role of water system in the urban structure—which can be considered a valuable tool for planners and urban designers, to be used in, meeting demands of resilient cities.