Consum medial de les famílies a l'era (post)digital: una enquesta nacional.
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Aquest estudi explora com les famílies italianes amb fills de 0 a 6 anys perceben la creixent presència de les tecnologies digitals a l'educació infantil. Adoptant una lent postdigital, examina les habilitats digitals dels pares, el coneixement de les tecnologies educatives i les preocupacions sobre la privadesa, l'ús de dades i la supervisió institucional. Es va dur a terme una enquesta estratificada nacional entre l'abril i el juny de 2023 amb 2.000 famílies de totes les regions italianes, incloent-hi 780 llars del grup d'edat objectiu. El qüestionari, administrat en línia i per telèfon, va abordar factors demogràfics i socioeducatius, la disponibilitat de tecnologia domèstica i les percepcions dels pares sobre l'ús de la tecnologia a l'Educació i Atenció a la Primera Infància (ECEC). Les dades es van analitzar mitjançant estadístiques descriptives i inferencials, i totes les escales van demostrar una alta fiabilitat. Els resultats mostren que, si bé la majoria de les famílies tenen una infraestructura digital adequada, l'alfabetització parental és desigual i les habilitats més baixes es correlacionen amb una major preocupació per les violacions de la privadesa i la monetització de dades. El coneixement de les tecnologies educatives a l'ECEC és limitat, i els pares mostren una major familiaritat amb les plataformes comercials que amb les eines institucionals. Les diferències geogràfiques i educatives influeixen en les percepcions, i la participació de les associacions parentals continua sent mínima, cosa que debilita l'advocacia col·lectiva. Les troballes destaquen la necessitat d'una col·laboració més forta entre família i escola, d'iniciatives específiques d'alfabetització digital per a pares i de formació dels educadors per garantir usos ètics i equitatius de la tecnologia en entorns de la primera infància.
Article Details

Aquesta obra està sota una llicència internacional Creative Commons Reconeixement-NoComercial-SenseObraDerivada 4.0.
(c) Juliana Elisa Raffaghelli, Emilia Restiglian, Cosimo Marco Scarcelli, Mercedes Pilar Blanco-Navarro, 2026
Drets d'autor
Digital Education Review (2013-9144) ofereix la possibilitat d'accedir al contingut lliurement i aquest es publica sota una llicència de Creative Commons de Reconeixement-NoComercial-SenseObraDerivada CC BY-NC-ND en la que tothom és lliure de copiar, distribuir i compartir el treball però cal reconèixer l'autoria, no fer-ne usos comercials ni transformar el treball original.Alaçam, N. (2025). Child and family voice in digital documentation in early childhood education. International Journal of Early Years Education, 0(0), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2025.2502165
Anderson, M. J. (2001). A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology, 26(1), 32–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2001.01070.pp.x
Aydın Bölükbaş, F. (2025). Mapping the evolution of early childhood technology: A bibliometric analysis. Education and Information Technologies, 30(6), 8159–8186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-13153-5
Barassi, V. (2017). BabyVeillance? Expecting Parents, Online Surveillance and the Cultural Specificity of Pregnancy Apps. Social Media + Society, 3(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117707188
Barassi, V. (2019). Datafied Citizens in the Age of Coerced Digital Participation. Sociological Research Online, 24(3), 414–429. https://doi.org/10.1177/1360780419857734
Becker, D., & Donelli, T. M. S. (2024). ‘It doesn’t always work, but it helps’: Parental Perceptions of Baby’s screen exposure. Psicologia Em Estudo, 29, e54957. https://doi.org/10.4025/psicolestud.v29i0.54957
Bozzola, E., Spina, G., Ruggiero, M., Memo, L., Agostiniani, R., Bozza, M., Corsello, G., & Villani, A. (2018). A11 Smartphone and tablets exposure in early childhood. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 44, 149.
Carifio, J., & Perla, R. J. (2008). Resolving the 50-year debate around using and misusing Likert scales. Medical Education, 42(12), 1150–1152. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03172.x
Chen, W., Teo, M. H., & Nguyen, D. (2019). Singapore Parents’ Use of Digital Devices with Young Children: Motivations and Uses. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 28(3), 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-019-00432-w
Costello, E. (2023). Postdigital Ethics of Care. In P. Jandrić (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Postdigital Science and Education (pp. 1–6). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35469-4_68-1
COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA, Hill, D., Ameenuddin, N., Reid Chassiakos, Y. (Linda), Cross, C., Hutchinson, J., Levine, A., Boyd, R., Mendelson, R., Moreno, M., & Swanson, W. S. (2016). Media and Young Minds. Pediatrics, 138(5), e20162591. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2591
Feijoo, B., Sádaba, C., & Martínez, G. (2021). On My Own: Acquiring Technical Digital Skills for Mobile Phone Use in Chile. Parents-children Perceptions. https://doi.org/10.13187/ijmil.2021.2.289
Hartong, S., & Förschler, A. (2019). Opening the black box of data-based school monitoring: Data infrastructures, flows and practices in state education agencies. Big Data & Society, 6(1), 2053951719853311. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951719853311
Jacovkis, J., Rivera-Vargas, P., & Helsper, E. J. (2024). Plataformización de la Educación Pública: Propuestas para abordar las Desigualdades Socio-Digitales y Reforzar el Rol de la Administración Pública en Cataluña. International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences, 13(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.17583/rimcis.12387
Jandrić, P., MacKenzie, A., & Knox, J. (2024). Postdigital Research: Genealogies, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Postdigital Science and Education, 6(2), 409–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-022-00306-3
Knox, J. (2019). Postdigital as (Re)Turn to the Political. Postdigital Science and Education, 1(2), 280–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-019-00058-7
Livingstone, S., & Sefton-Green, J. (2025). The Platformization of the Family. In J. Sefton-Green, K. Mannell, & O. Erstad (Eds.), The Platformization of the Family: Towards a Research Agenda (pp. 7–23). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-74881-3_2
Livingstone, S., Ólafsson, K., Helsper, E. J., Lupiáñez-Villanueva, F., Veltri, G. A., & Folkvord, F. (2017). Maximizing Opportunities and Minimizing Risks for Children Online: The Role of Digital Skills in Emerging Strategies of Parental Mediation. Journal of Communication, 67(1), 82–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12277
Malaguzzi, L. (1998). History, Ideas, and Basic Philosophy: An Interview with Lella Gandini. In C. Edwards, L. Gandini, & G. Forman (Eds.), The Hundred Languages of Children: The Reggio Emilia Approach – Advanced Reflection (pp. 49–97). Ablex.
Mascheroni, G. (2020). Datafied childhoods: Contextualising datafication in everyday life. Current Sociology, 68(6), 798–813. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392118807534
Meyer, M., Zosh, J. M., McLaren, C., Robb, M., McCaffery, H., Golinkoff, R. M., Hirsh-Pasek, K., & Radesky, J. (2021). How educational are “educational” apps for young children? App store content analysis using the Four Pillars of Learning framework. Journal of Children and Media, 15(4), 526–548. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2021.1882516
Mikelić Preradović, N., Lešin, G., & Šagud, M. (2016). Investigating Parents’ Attitudes towards Digital Technology Use in Early Childhood: A Case Study from Croatia. Informatics in Education, 15(1), 127–146. https://doi.org/10.15388/infedu.2016.07
Monção, M. A. G. (2015). Sharing the education of young children in early childhood schools. Cadernos de Pesquisa, 45, 652–679. https://doi.org/10.1590/198053143052
Moreno-González, A., Calderón-Garrido, D., Parcerísa, L., Rivera-Vargas, P., & Jacovkis, J. (2023). Survey data on Families’ perceptions of ed-tech corporations, educational digital platforms and children’s rights. Data in Brief, 47, 109017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109017
Nemorin, S., Vlachidis, A., Ayerakwa, H. M., & Andriotis, P. (2023). AI hyped? A horizon scan of discourse on artificial intelligence in education (AIED) and development. Learning, Media and Technology, 48(1), 38–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2022.2095568
Neubauer, R. (2011). Neoliberalism in the Information Age, or Vice Versa? Global Citizenship, Technology, and Hegemonic Ideology. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society, 9(2), 195–230. https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v9i2.238
Nikoloudaki, E., Manolitsis, G., & Grammatikopoulos, V. (2025). Family engagement approaches to enhance kindergarteners’ early literacy skills through storybook reading: Parents as partners in preschool education. International Journal of Early Childhood. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-025-00439-z
Norheim, H., Broekhuizen, M., Moser, T., & Pastori, G. (2024). ECEC Professionals’ Views on Partnerships with Parents in Multicultural Classrooms in Four European Countries. International Journal of Early Childhood, 56(3), 443–460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-023-00382-x
Norman, G. (2010). Likert scales, levels of measurement and the “laws” of statistics. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 15(5), 625–632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-010-9222-y
Pangrazio, L., & Mavoa, J. (2023). Studying the datafication of Australian childhoods: learning from a survey of digital technologies in homes with young children. Media International Australia, 194(1), 53-68. https://doi-org.sire.ub.edu/10.1177/1329878X231162386
Pedrotti, B. G., Mallmann, M. Y., & Frizzo, G. B. (2024). What Do Mothers Think About Toddlers’ Digital Media Use? In G. B. Frizzo (Ed.), Digital Media and Early Child Development: Theoretical and Empirical Issues (pp. 219–230). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69224-6_16
Pedrotti, B. G., Mallmann, M. Y., & Frizzo, G. B. (2024). What Do Mothers Think About Toddlers’ Digital Media Use? In G. B. Frizzo (Ed.), Digital Media and Early Child Development: Theoretical and Empirical Issues (pp. 219–230). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69224-6_16
Pimienta, J., Brandt, J., Bethe, T., Holz, R., Continella, A., Jibb, L., & Grundy, Q. (2023). Mobile apps and children’s privacy: A traffic analysis of data sharing practices among children’s mobile iOS apps. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 108(11), 943–945. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2023-325960
Raffaghelli, J. E. (2025). National Survey—DataChildMap [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16634886
Raffaghelli, J. E., Restiglian, E., Zoroaster, P., & Valentini, M. (2024a). Wisdom of the Masses? Users and Educators Contrasting Perspectives on the Data Privacy and Safety of Early Years’ Apps. REICE. Revista Iberoamericana Sobre Calidad, Efi-cacia y Cambio En Educación, 22(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.15366/reice2024.22.2.006
Raffaghelli, J., Restiglian, E., & Gottardo, M. (2024b). La documentazione pedagogica nell’era delle piattaforme digitali: La profes-sionalità degli educatori della prima infanzia. In J. E. Raffaghelli, E. Restiglian & C. M. Scarcelli (Eds), La cultura dell’infanzia nell’era postdigitale. Tra conoscenze delle famiglie e professionalità educativa (Vol. 7, pp. 163–196). Pen-sa Multimedia. https://www.pensamultimedia.it/download/2866/a3cb20fe24d8/la-cultura-dell-infanzia_raffaghelli-15_11.pdf
Restiglian, E., & Raffaghelli, J. (2024). Laboratori Trasformativi per educatori 0-3: Professionalità per affrontare le sfide del postdigi-tale. In J. E. Raffaghelli, E. Restiglian, & C. M. Scarcelli (Eds), La cultura dell’infanzia nell’era postdigitale. Tra cono-scenze delle famiglie e professionalità educativa (Vol. 7, pp. 197–212). Pensa Multimedia. https://www.pensamultimedia.it/download/2866/a3cb20fe24d8/la-cultura-dell-infanzia_raffaghelli-15_11.pdf
Restiglian, E., Raffaghelli, J. E., Gottardo, M., & Zoroaster, P. (2023). Pedagogical documentation in the era of digital platforms: Early childhood educators’ professionalism in a dilemma. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 31. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.31.7909
Rivera-Vargas, P., & Jacovkis, J. (2024). Piattaforme digitali e Diritti dei Bambini in Catalogna: Una sfida verso il futuro. In J. E. Raffaghelli, E. Restiglian, & C. M. Scarcelli (Eds.), La cultura dell’infanzia nell’era postdigitale. Tra conoscenze delle famiglie e professionalità educativa (Vol. 7, pp. 25–36). Pensa Multimedia.https://www.pensamultimedia.it/download/2866/a3cb20fe24d8/la-cultura-dell-infanzia_Raffaghelli-15_11.pdf
Rivera-Vargas, P., Parcerisa, L., & Fardella, C. (2023). Digital education platforms and schooling: New challenges and alternatives towards educational equity and children’s rights. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 31. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.31.8483
Rivera-Vargas, P., Raffaghelli, J., & Miño-Puigcercós, R. (2024). Plataformas digitales comerciales en la educación pública. Desafíos emergentes sobre privacidad y protección de datos. Edutec, Revista Electrónica De Tecnología Educativa, (87), 28–42. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2024.87.3063
Saura, G.., Díez Gutiérrez, E. J., & Rivera Vargas, P. (2021). Innovación Tecno-Educativa “Google”. Plataformas Digitales, Datos y Formación Docente. REICE. Revista Iberoamericana Sobre Calidad, Eficacia Y Cambio En Educación, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.15366/reice2021.19.4.007
Selwyn, N. (2011). Editorial: In praise of pessimism-the need for negativity in educational technology. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(5), 713–718. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2011.01215.x
Selwyn, N. (2022). The future of AI and education: Some cautionary notes. European Journal of Education, 57(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12532
Selwyn, N. (2025). Critical Studies of Education and Technology (CSET)—A compilation of local reports from the 2025 meetings [Report]. Monash University. https://doi.org/10.26180/29143730.v3
Smith, K. L., Shade, L. R., Grant, L., Kumar, P. C., Zaffaroni, L. G., Amadori, G., Mascheroni, G., Heath, M. K., Krutka, D. G., Pangrazio, L., Selwyn, N., & Jarke, J. (2024). Children as Data Subjects: Families, Schools, and Everyday Lives. In Dialogues in Data Power (pp. 31–51). Bristol University Press. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.56687/9781529238327-005/html?lang=en
Smith, K. L., Shade, L. R., Grant, L., Kumar, P. C., Zaffaroni, L. G., Amadori, G., Mascheroni, G., Heath, M. K., Krutka, D. G., Pangrazio, L., Selwyn, N., & Jarke, J. (2024). Children as Data Subjects: Families, Schools, and Everyday Lives. In Dialogues in Data Power (pp. 31–51). Bristol University Press. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.56687/9781529238327-005/html?lang=en
Suárez-Guerrero, C., Rivera-Vargas, P., & Raffaghelli, J. (2023). EdTech myths: Towards a critical digital educational agenda. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 0(0), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2023.2240332
Van Dijck, J., Poell, T., & de Waal, M. (2018). The Platform Society. Public Values in a Connective World (1st ed.). Oxford University Press.
Williamson, B. (2017). Educating Silicon Valley: Corporate education reform and the reproduction of the techno-economic revolution. Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies, 39(3), 265–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714413.2017.1326274